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Thermal Cracking

36. Which of ...

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36. Which of the following thermodynamic condition at constant pressure and temperature is necessary for the spontaneity of a process? (A)d(E-TS+PC)>0 (B)d(E-TS+PV)<0 (C)d(E-TS+PV)=0 (D)d(E+TS+PV)<0

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Q. If a state function G is defined such as G=H-TS, the dG must decrease for a spontaneous process (involving only PV work) occurring at_________.

Q. A gas obeying the equation of state

P V = R T

undergoes a hypothetical reversible process described by the equation,

P V^{5 / 3} e x p (- \frac{P V}{E_{0}}) = C_{1}

C_{1}

E_{0}

are dimensioned constants. Then, for this process, the thermal compressibility at high temperature.

For the reaction $H_{2} O (s) ⇋ H_{2} O (l)$ at 0°C and normal pressure

Q. Free energy,

G = H - T Δ S

, is a state function that indicates whether a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous. If you think of

T S

as the part of the system`s energy that is disordered already, then

(H - T S)

is the part of the system`s energy that is still ordered and therefore free to cause spontaneous change by becoming disordered.
Also,

Δ G = Δ H - T Δ S

From the second law of thermodynamics, a reaction is spontaneous if

Δ_{t o t a l} S

is positive, non-spontaneous if

Δ_{t o t a l} S

is negative, and at equilibrium if

Δ_{t o t a l} S

- T Δ S = Δ G

Δ G

Δ S

have opposite signs, we can restate the Thermodynamic criterion for the spontaneity of a reaction carried out at a constant temperature and pressure.
If

Δ G < 0

, the reaction is spontaneous
If

Δ G > 0

, the reaction is non-spontaneous
If

Δ G = 0

, the reaction is at equilibrium
Read the above paragraph carefully and answer the following questions based on the above comprehension.

Which of the following is correct?

Q. Starting with the thermodynamic relationship G = H + TS, derive the following relationship

Δ G

T △ S_{T o t a l}

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