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Reductions Involving Aldehydes or Ketones

5. Unsaturate...

Question

5. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between two carbon atoms and show addition reactions. Give the test to distinguish ethane from ethene.

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Solution

Differentiation between ethane from ethene can be determined by flame test.
Due to the saturated hydrocarbon, ${CH}_{3} - {CH}_{3}$ burns with clean flame and ash is not produced.
Instead of clean flame when unsaturated ${CH}_{2} = {CH}_{2}$ burns, yellow flame is formed and a lot of ash is produced.
Thus, flame test is used to differentiate ethane from ethene.

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Q. (a) Distinguish between the saturated hydrocarbon ethane and the unsaturated hydrocarbon ethene by drawing their structural formulae.
(b) Addition reaction and substitution reactions are types of organic reactions. Which type of reaction is shown by:
(i) ethane
(ii) ethene?
(c) (i) Write the equation for the complete combustion of ethane.
(ii) Using appropriate catalysts, ethane can be oxidized to an alcohol, an aldehyde and an acid. Name the alcohol, aldehyde and acid formed when ethane is oxidized.
(d) (i) Why is pure acetic acid known as glacial acetic acid?
(ii) What type of compound is formed by the reaction between acetic acid and an alcohol?

Q. (a) Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms in each of the following cases:
(i) An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond.
(ii) An alcohol containing two carbon atoms.
(iii) An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond.

(b) Ethane, Ethene, Ethanoic acid, Ethyne, Ethanol
From the compounds given above, name:
(i) The compound with —OH as a part of its structure.
(ii) The compound with —COOH as a part of its structure.
(iii) Homologue of Homologous series with general formula C_nH_2n.

Q. Assertion :Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonds between the two

C -

atoms and show addition reactions. Reason: They also undergo many other chemical reactions that alkanes do not - the double bond in alkenes makes them more reactive than alkanes

Distinguish between the saturated hydrocarbon ethane and unsaturated hydrocarbon ethene.

Arrange Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne in decreasing order of the bond strength between the two carbon atoms in the given hydrocarbons.

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