Question

58. Consider the following statements about Kigali Agreement:
1. It aims to reduce the emissions of Hydro Fluoro Carbons (HFCs).
2. The Kigali Amendment amends the Montreal Protocol to now include gases responsible for global warming.
3. The Kigali Agreement will be binding on countries from 2019.
4. As per the new grouping, India is in Group 2 along with China, Brazil and all of Africa.
Which of the above statements(s) is/are correct?

• A. Only 1, 2 and 3
• B. Only 2, 3 and 4
• C. Only 1, 2 and 4
• D. All of the above

Answer 1

The correct option is A Only 1, 2 and 3

The Kigali Amendment amends the 1987 Montreal Protocol to now include gases responsible for global warming. The Kigali Agreement or amended Montreal Protocol for HFCs reduction will be binding on countries from 2019. It aims to reduce the emissions of category of greenhouse gases (GHGs) which leads to hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs). Its reduction could prevent up to 0.5 degrees Celsius of global warming by year 2100. All signatory countries have been divided into three groups with different timelines to go about reductions of HFCs.
First group: It includes richest countries like US and those in European Union (EU). They will freeze production and consumption of HFCs by 2018. They will reduce them to about 15% of 2012 levels by 2036.
Second group: It includes countries like China, Brazil and all of Africa etc. They will freeze HFC use by 2024 and cut it to 20% of 2021 levels by 2045.
Third group: It includes countries India, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia etc. They will be freezing HFC use by 2028 and reducing it to about 15% of 2025 levels by 2047.