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Covalent Character

6. The bond e...

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6. The bond energy of B F bond in BF3 is 646 kJ/mol, while bond energy of N F bond in NF3 is 280 kJ/mol. This is because (1) N is more electronegative than B (2) Atomic mass of N is more than B (3) B F bond gets partial double bond character due to pp bond (4) N has a lone pair of electron while B does not

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Q. Ordinarily the barrier to rotation about a carbon-carbon double bond is quite high but in compound P double bond between two rings was observed by NMR to have a rotational energy barrier of only about 20 cal/mol, showing that it has lot of single bond character.

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Q. Bond energies can be obtained by using the following relation:

Δ H (r e a c t i o n) = \sum

Bond energy of bonds, broken in the reactants

- \sum

Bond energy of bonds, formed in the products
Bond energy depends on three factors:
a. greater is the bond length, lesser is the bond energy
b. bond energy increases with the bond multiplicity
c. bond energy increases with the electronegativity difference between the bonding atoms.The heat of formation of

N O

from its elements is

+ 90 k J m o l^{- 1}

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Q. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction,

H_{2} + F_{2} \to 2 H F

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Bond energy of H – H bond = 434 kJ/mol
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Bond energy of H – F bond = 565 kJ/mol

Q. Bond dissociation energy of

C H_{4} is 360 k J m o l^{- 1}

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Covalent Character

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