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Question

70. Give the chemical properties of acids and bases by giving balanced chemical equation.


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Solution

Acids are those substances that furnish hydrogen(H+) ions in their aqueous solution while bases are those substances that produce hydroxide(OH-) ions in their aqueous solution.

Part 1: Chemical properties of acids

1. Reaction with metals

  • Some metals react with strong acids and displace hydrogen from strong acids to form hydrogen gas.
  • Such metals which displace hydrogen from strong acids are known as active metals.
  • Example: Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to produce zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) along with the evolution of hydrogen gas (H2).

Zn(s)Zinc+H2SO4(aq)SulphuricacidZnSO4(aq)Zincsulphate+H2(g)Hydrogen

2. Reaction with metal oxide

  • Metal oxides react with all dilute mineral acids to generate their corresponding metallic salts and water.
  • Example: Calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with nitric acid (HNO3) leading to the formation of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] and water (H2O).

CaOCalciumoxide+2HNO3NitricacidCa(NO3)2Calciumnitrate+H2OWater

3. Reaction with metal carbonate

  • Metal carbonates react with acid leading to the formation of salt and water along with carbon dioxide evolution.
  • Since the salt is produced along with water. So, these reactions come under the category of neutralization reactions.
  • Example: Magnesium carbonate reacts with Sulphuric acid leading to the formation of Magnesium sulphate and water along with the evolution of carbon dioxide.

MgCO3Magnesiumcarbonate+H2SO4SulphuricacidMgSO4Magnesiumsulphate+H2OWater+CO2Carbondioxide

Part 2: Chemical properties of bases

1. Action of heats

  • Some hydroxide readily decomposes on slight heating.
  • When ammonium hydroxide is slightly heated, it quickly decomposes into ammonia gas and water. The chemical reaction of decomposition of ammonium hydroxide can be represented as:

NH4OH(aq)AmmoniumhydroxideNH3(g)Ammonia+H2O(l)Water

  • Some hydroxide decomposes on strong heating.
  • When aluminum hydroxide is strongly heated, it decomposes into aluminum oxide and water. The chemical reaction of decomposition of aluminum hydroxide can be represented as:

2Al(OH)3AluminumhydroxideAl2O3Aluminumoxide+H2OWater


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