77. Compare three different states of matter with respect to the arrangement of molecules and their related parameters.

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Solution

The comparative study of three different states of matter with respect to the arrangement of molecules and other related parameters is presented below in tabular form.
Parameters Solid Liquid Gas
Packing of molecules (i) Very closely packed (i) Loosely packed (i) Very loosely packed
Intermolecular space (ii) Negligible (ii) More than that among the solid molecules (ii) Maximum among the three states of matter.
Intermolecular force of attraction (iii) Maximum among the three states of matter (iii) Less than that among the solid molecules (iii) Negligible
Types of movement of molecules (iv) Vibrate to and fro about a fixed position (iv) Vibrate to and fro, rotate around their own axis and move from one place to other within a certain limit (iv) Vibrate to and fro, rotate around their own axis and move from one place to other randomly in all directions with a much higher speed than that of the liquid molecules.

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Parameters	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Packing of molecules	(i) Very closely packed	(i) Loosely packed	(i) Very loosely packed
Intermolecular space	(ii) Negligible	(ii) More than that among the solid molecules	(ii) Maximum among the three states of matter.
Intermolecular force of attraction	(iii) Maximum among the three states of matter	(iii) Less than that among the solid molecules	(iii) Negligible
Types of movement of molecules	(iv) Vibrate to and fro about a fixed position	(iv) Vibrate to and fro, rotate around their own axis and move from one place to other within a certain limit	(iv) Vibrate to and fro, rotate around their own axis and move from one place to other randomly in all directions with a much higher speed than that of the liquid molecules.