Question

96. The Kyoto flexible Market Mechanisms include

i. joint implementation

ii. The Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)

iii. Emission trading

iv) Common but differentiated Responsibility

• A. a) iv only
  
  
• B. b) All the above
  
  
• C. c) i, and ii
  
  
• D. d) i, ii and iii only
  
  

Answer 1

The correct option is D d) i, ii and iii only



Answer : D

The Emissions Trading-mechanism allows parties to the Kyoto Protocol to buy 'Kyoto units'(emission permits for greenhouse gas) from other countries to help meet their domestic emission reduction targets.

International Emission Trading provides the means for Annex B countries to sell "surplus" portions of their emissions allocations under the Protocol. Emissions trading is not a project-based mechanism, like JI and CDM. Moreover,International Emission Trading applies only to countries with emissions reduction obligations, since without an agreed-upon target, countries have nothing to trade. Through the Joint Implementation, any Annex I country can invest in emission reduction projects (referred to as "Joint Implementation Projects") in any other Annex I country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically. Through the CDM, countries can meet their domestic emission reduction targets by buying greenhouse gas reduction units from (projects in) non Annex I countries to the Kyoto protocol (mostly developing countries). Non-Annex I countries have no GHG emission restrictions, but have financial incentives to develop GHG emission reduction projects to receive Certified Emission Reductions that can then be sold to Annex I countries, encouraging sustainable development.