Nephron and Urine Formation

Q.

Rearrange the following parts of a nephron in the order in which fluid flows through the nephron.

• Distal tubule
• Bowman's capsule
• Loop of Henle
• Collecting duct
• Proximal tubule

1. Renal corpuscle; Proximal tubule; Loop of Henle; Distal tubule; Collecting duct

2. Proximal tubule; Loop of Henle; Distal tubule; Renal corpuscle; Collecting duct

3. Loop of Henle; Proximal tubule; Distal tubule; Renal corpuscle; Collecting duct

4. Renal corpuscle; Distal tubule; Proximal tubule; Loop of Henle; Collecting duct

Q.

Explain the following term:

Selective reabsorption.

Q.

What is the difference between urine and urea?

Q.

The basic filtration unit of the kidney is called _______.

1. Bowman’s capsule

2. Neuron

3. Collecting duct

4. Nephron

Q.

What are peritubular capillaries?

Q.

The smallest unit of a kidney which is responsible for the removal of wastes from the blood is

1. Neuron

2. Alveoli

3. Urethra

4. Nephron

Q.

The steps involved in the formation of urine are given below. Arrange them in the correct sequence.

1. Collection of urine

2. Ultrafiltration

3. Reabsorption of ions from renal tubules

4. Collection of glomerular filtrate

5. Excess urea secreted from peritubular capillaries

1. 1-->4-->3-->5-->2

2. 2-->4-->5-->3-->1

3. 2-->4-->3-->5-->1

4. 2-->3-->4-->5-->1

Q.

Name the capillaries that surround the renal tubule.

1. Efferent capillaries

2. Peritubular capillaries

3. Renal capillaries

4. Afferent capillaries

Q.

Which among the following gives urine a pale yellow colour?

1. Uric acid

2. Urea

3. Calcium salts

4. Urochrome

Q.

How do humans maintain osmotic pressure?

Q.

How does renin increase blood pressure?

Q. Very short answer type.
Glomerular filtrate has water, glucose, amino acids and creatinine. Which of them are rapidly reabsorbed actively by blood?

Q.

Name the blood vessel that has the lowest concentration of urea.

Q.

The bean-shaped organ that filters the waste materials out of blood is:

1. brain

2. heart

3. liver

4. kidneys

Q. Define tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.

Q.

Which part of the kidney plays a role in removing the waste products of metabolism from blood plasma?

1. Ureter

2. Cortex

3. Urethra

4. Nephron

Q.

Identify the type of epithelium shown in the figure.

1. Columnar epithelium

2. Cuboidal epithelium

3. Squamous epithelium

4. Ciliated epithelium

Q.

What are the functions of the kidneys?

1. Excretion of urea

2. Excretion of extra water

3. Retention of water

4. Excretion of salts

Q.

The correct sequence of urine formation in human body is

1. Water reabsorption $\to$ Ultrafiltration $\to$ Reabsorption and secretion
2. Water reabsorption $\to$ Reabsorption and secretion$\to$ Ultrafiltration
3. Ultrafiltration $\to$ Reabsorption and secretion $\to$ Water reabsorption
4. Ultrafiltration $\to$ Water reabsorption $\to$ Reabsorption and secretion

Q. When a liter of water is introduced in human blood

1. BMR decreases
2. RBCs collapse and urine production increases
3. RBCs collapse and urine production decreases
4. BMR increases

Q. Briefly state the mechanism of urine formation in human kidney.

Q. Match the following parts of a nephron with its function.

Q. What is the first step of the process of urine formation?

1. Oxidation of Ammonia
2. Reduction of Ammonia
3. Separation of Amino group from Amino acid
4. Inclusion of Amino group to Amino acid

Q.

Where are aquaporins present?

Q.

The smallest unit of a kidney which is responsible for the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood is ____.

1. All of the above

2. Bowman's capsule

3. Neuron

4. Nephron

Q. The kidneys not only remove waste products from the blood, but also play a very important role in maintaining -

1. The amount of ADH released.
2. Constant composition of the blood.
3. Constant blood pressure
4. Body temperature.

Q.

Which of the following substances are reabsorbed in nephron?

1. KCl, Urea, Glucose

2. Urea, uric acid, Amino acid

3. Glucose, amino acids and NaCl

4. Glucose, Urea, creatinine

Q. In man, in which part of the uriniferous tubule reabsorption of glucose occurs?

1. Collecting tube
2. Henle's loop
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Distal convoluted tubule

Q.

Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
1. Urine enters the ureter.
2. Urine is stored in the urinary bladder.
3. Selective reabsorption of some substances in the initial filtrate as the urine flows along the tube.

1. 2 → 3 → 1

2. 1→ 2 → 3

3. 3 → 2 → 1

4. 3 → 1 → 2

Q.

Which are the functions of the kidney?

1. Excretion of urea

2. Excretion of extra water

3. Retention of water

4. Excretion of salts