Kingdoms of Europe

Q. People of Habsburg empire spoke German, Polish and French. The empire consisted of people from different ethnic groups like Bohemians, Slovenes and Croats. All the people of this empire had nothing to unite them except the emperor. What can be inferred from these statements?

1. Habsburg empire did not last long enough to form a country.
2. Germany, France and Italy were not part of Habsburg empire.
3. The empire was linguistically diverse with people from different ethnic groups. The people could not be united.
4. The emperor was powerful and smart to keep all groups away from each other.

Q. Today, Germany, Italy and France are countries but back in the 18th century these were not countries or nations. Kingdoms, duchies and cantons existed instead of nations. Which of the following option is relevant to this statement?

1. Even today Germany and Italy are not countries, they are states of Europe.
2. Germany and France together were a huge kingdom .
3. If I travelled to France in 1740s, I would be visiting a kingdom and not a country.
4. Italy was a country since the 15th century while others were kingdoms fighting for democracy.

Q. "Till mid 18th century there were no nation states in Europe" - Support the statement with 5 examples.

Q. Identify the different ethnic groups which inhabited Europe in the 18th-19th century.

1. Kurds
2. Roumans
3. Slovenes
4. Croats
5. Han
6. Bohemians
7. Bantu
8. Slovaks