Consequences of Anomalous Expansion

Q. A steel tape is calibrated at 20 degree Celsius . when the temperature of the day is -10 degree Celsius , the percentage error in the measurement with the tape is ( linear coefficient 12 x 10 to the exponent -6 / degree Celsius ) 1. 3.6% 2. 0.36% 3. 0.18 % 4. 0.036%

Q.

A solid ball of metal has a concentric spherical cavity within it. If the ball is heated, the volume of the cavity will ___ .

Q. What are the effects of anomalous water expansion?

Q. What are the advantages of anomalous expansion of water?

1. the necessity that all of a body of fresh water (not just its surface) is close to $4^{\circ }$C before any freezing can occur
2. permitting survival of the bottom ecology by insulating the water from further freezing
3. All of the above
4. density driven thermal convection causing seasonal mixing in deeper temperate waters carrying life-providing oxygen into the depths

Q.

Which of the following substances expands/contracts negligibly on heating?.

1. Brass

2. Invar

3. Glass

4. steel

Q. One end of a metal rod is kept in a furnace. In steady state, the temperature of the rod

(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remain constant
(d) is nonuniform

Q. Assertion :Water is denser than ice at same temperature. Reason: The maximum density of water occurs at a temperature of $4^{0}C$ and after this temperature water expands on cooling.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. Deep pond of water has its top layer frozen during winter. State the expected temperature of water layer (i) just in contact with ice, (ii) at the bottom of pond.

Q.

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) Water expands on heating from $4°\mathrm{C}$ to $40°\mathrm{C}$

(b) Rubber contracts on heating

(c) Water contracts on heating from $0°\mathrm{C}$ to $4°\mathrm{C}$

(d) Water expands on freezing

1. b) is correct

2. c) and a) are false

3. Only a) is correct

4. All are correct

Q. A cylindrical metalloic rod in thermal contact with two reservoirs of heat at its two ends conducts an amount of heat Q in time t. The metallic rod is melted and the material is formed into a rod of half the radius of original rod. What is the amount of heat conducted by the new rod, when placed in thermal contact with two reservoirs in time t?

Q. What is the role of anomalous behavior of water in preserving aquatic life in regions of cold climate?

Q.

Two holes of unequal diameters $d_1$ and $d_2$ $(d_1>d_2)$ are cut in a metal sheet. If the sheet is heated

1. d₁ will decrease d₂ will increase

2. Both d₁ and d₂ will decrease

3. Both d₁ and d₂ will increase

4. d₁ will increase d₂ will decrease

Q.

When a substance is heated , it becomes.

1. heavier

2. porous

3. lighter

4. none of these.

Q. Explain the following:
(a) Water pipes in colder countries often burst in winter.
(b) In winter, water tank (or ocean) starts freezing from the surface and not from the bottom.
(c) Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is well below $0C$.
(d) A hollow glass sphere which floats with its entire volume submerged in water at $4C$ sinks when water is heated above $4C$.
(e) A glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature, is likely to burst when kept in the freezer of a refrigerator.

Q.

Use the following information to answer the next question.

The length of a copper rod at 35°C is measured to be 1.5 m by an aluminium tape, which is correct at 15°C. Assume that the coefficients of linear expansion for aluminium and copper are 2.5 × 10 ^{− 15}/K and 1.7 × 10 ^{− 5}/K respectively.

What is the length of the copper rod at temperature 15°C?

1. 1.51001 m

2. 1.52002 m

3. 1.49948 m

4. 1.500024 m

Q. A beaker is filled up to brim with water at $4^{o}C$. At one time the temperature is increased by a few degrees about $4^{o}C$ and at another time it is decreased by a few degrees below $4^{o}C$. One shall observe that

1. Water overflows in both the cases
2. The level remains constant in each case
3. In the previous case water overflows while in the latter case it level comes down
4. Water overflows in the latter case, while comes down in the previous case

Q. The temperature of water at the surface of a deep lake is $2{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. So, the expected temperature at the bottom of the lake is:

1. $4{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
2. $6{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
3. $2{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
4. $0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$

Q. Draw a diagram showing the temperature of various layers of water in an ice covered pond.

Q. A block of wood is floating on water at $0^{\circ }C$, with a certain volume V above water level. The temperature of water is slowly raised from $0^{\circ }C$. How will the volume V change with the rise of temperature?

1. V will be unchanged
2. V will decrease from $0^{\circ }C$
3. V will decrease till $4^{\circ }C$ and then increase
4. V will increase till $4^{\circ }C$ and then decrease

Q. We are able to squeeze snow and make balls out of it because of :

1. anomalous behaviour of water.
2. large latent heat of ice.
3. large specific heat of water.
4. low melting point of ice.

Q. At $0^{0}C$ densities of a cork and a liquid in which the cork floats are $d_1$ and $d_2$ respectively. The coefficient of expansion for the material of the cork and the liquid are? y and 100 y respectively. If the cork sinks when the temperature of the liquid is ${}^{\prime }{t}^0{C}^{\prime }$ then the ratio $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$is?

1. $\frac{1+100yt}{1+yt}$
2. $\frac{1+yt}{1+100yt}$
3. $\frac{100+yt}{1+yt}$
4. $\frac{1+yt}{100+yt}$

Q. The density of water is maximum at $4^{\circ }C$, what will happen if its density reduces on cooling?

1. Volume of water increases
2. Volume of water decreases
3. Temperature of water remains same
4. Volume of water first increase and then decrease

Q. Surface of the lake is $2^{\circ }C$. The temperature of the bottom of the lake will be

1. $2^{\circ }C$
2. $3^{\circ }C$
3. $4^{\circ }C$
4. $5^{\circ }C$

Q. The surface water in a lake is going to freeze. Now the temperature of water at the bottom is :

1. 274 K
2. 277 K
3. 100 K
4. 0 K

Q. If the surface of water in a lake is just going to freeze, then the temperature of water at the bottom is

1. $0C$
2. $4C$
3. $3C$
4. None of these

Q. The apparatus shown in the figure consists of four glass columns connected by horizontal sections. The height of two central columns $B\&C$ are $46cm$ each. The two outer columns $A\&D$ are open to the atmosphere. $A\&C$ are maintained at a temperature of ${95}^{o}C$ while the columns $B\&D$ are maintained at $5^{o}C.$ The height of the liquid in $A\&D$ measured from the base line are $58.8cm\&51cm$ respectively. Determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of the liquid.

Q.

Three students are given three identical solids. They measure the volume of water overflowing out of the three overflow cans as shown. When they dip these solids completely in water are denoted as $V_{A,}{V}_{B}and{V}_C.$ Which of the following is correct?

1. $V_A=V_B=V_C$

2. $V_A=V_B\ne V_C$

3. $V_A\ne V_B=V_C$

4. $V_A\ne V_B\ne V_C$

Q. Two rods A and B of the same metal, but of length $1\text{m}$ and $2\text{m}$ respectively, are heated from $0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ to $100{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. Then, ___.

Q. If we initially at a temperature above $4^{\circ }C$ is cooled

1. No effect
2. It expands till the temperature of water above reaches $4^{\circ }C$
3. It contracts till the temperature of water above reaches $4^{\circ }C$
4. All