Consequences of Anomalous Expansion

Q. The temperature of water at the surface of a deep lake is $2{}^{\circ }\text{C}$. So, the expected temperature at the bottom of the lake is:

1. $4{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
2. $6{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
3. $2{}^{\circ }\text{C}$
4. $0{}^{\circ }\text{C}$

Q.

Two holes of unequal diameters $d_1$ and $d_2$ $(d_1>d_2)$ are cut in a metal sheet. If the sheet is heated

1. d₁ will decrease d₂ will increase

2. Both d₁ and d₂ will decrease

3. Both d₁ and d₂ will increase

4. d₁ will increase d₂ will decrease

Q.

A solid ball of metal has a concentric spherical cavity within it. If the ball is heated, the volume of the cavity will ___ .

Q. Assertion :Water is denser than ice at same temperature. Reason: The maximum density of water occurs at a temperature of $4^{0}C$ and after this temperature water expands on cooling.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. What are the advantages of anomalous expansion of water?

1. the necessity that all of a body of fresh water (not just its surface) is close to $4^{\circ }$C before any freezing can occur
2. permitting survival of the bottom ecology by insulating the water from further freezing
3. All of the above
4. density driven thermal convection causing seasonal mixing in deeper temperate waters carrying life-providing oxygen into the depths

Q. Surface of the lake is $2^{\circ }C$. The temperature of the bottom of the lake will be

1. $2^{\circ }C$
2. $3^{\circ }C$
3. $4^{\circ }C$
4. $5^{\circ }C$

Q. Explain the following:
(a) Water pipes in colder countries often burst in winter.
(b) In winter, water tank (or ocean) starts freezing from the surface and not from the bottom.
(c) Fishes survive in ponds even when the atmospheric temperature is well below $0C$.
(d) A hollow glass sphere which floats with its entire volume submerged in water at $4C$ sinks when water is heated above $4C$.
(e) A glass bottle completely filled with water and tightly closed at room temperature, is likely to burst when kept in the freezer of a refrigerator.

Q. At $0^{0}C$ densities of a cork and a liquid in which the cork floats are $d_1$ and $d_2$ respectively. The coefficient of expansion for the material of the cork and the liquid are? y and 100 y respectively. If the cork sinks when the temperature of the liquid is ${}^{\prime }{t}^0{C}^{\prime }$ then the ratio $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$is?

1. $\frac{1+100yt}{1+yt}$
2. $\frac{1+yt}{1+100yt}$
3. $\frac{100+yt}{1+yt}$
4. $\frac{1+yt}{100+yt}$

Q. What is the role of anomalous behavior of water in preserving aquatic life in regions of cold climate?

Q. Draw a diagram showing the temperature of various layers of water in an ice covered pond.