Evolutionary Relationships

Q.

Name the various tools of tracing evolutionary relationships which have been used for studying human evolution.

Q.

What are the homologous organs? Give examples.

Q. Picture shown below is example of:-

1. Divergent evolution of Australian marsupials and placental mammals
2. Convergent evolution of Australian marsupials and placental mammals
3. Parallel evolution
4. Homologous organs of both animals

Q.

What is organic evolution? How do embryonic studies provide evidence for evolution?

Q.

Which of the following characteristics is mainly responsible for the diversification of insects on land?

1. Eyes

2. Exoskeleton

3. Bilateral symmetry

4. Segmentation

Q.

Give one example of an analogy.

Q.

The organs which perform different functions but have the same basic structure are known as :
(a) homologous organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homolytic organs
(d) analytic organs

Q. Evolutionary relationship can be defined as-

1. Relationship between different species on the basis of their evolutionary or ancestral history
2. Relationship between different species on the basis of their reproductive nature
3. Relationship between different species on the basis of survival
4. None of the above

Q.

Which of the following are not the examples of homologous organs?

1. Wings of butterfly and bat

2. Forelimbs of lizard and human

3. Forelimbs of frog and lizard

4. Forelimbs of human and lizard

Q.

The organs which perform similar functions but have different basic structure are called :
(a) asymmetric organs
(b) analogous organs
(c) homologous organs
(d) homophonic organs

Q. What are the four tools used to study evolutionary relationships??

Q.

X, Y, and Z are three animals. The animal X can fly but animal Y can only run on ground or walls. The forelimbs of animals X and Y have the same basic design but they are used for different purposes such as flying and running respectively. The animal Z became extinct a long time ago. The study of fossils of Z tells us that it had some features like those of X and some like those of Y. In fact, Z is said to form a connecting link in the evolutionary chain of X and Y.
(a) What could the animals X, Y and Z be?
(b) What name is given to the forelimbs like those of X and Y which have the same basic design but different functions?
(c) Name one feature in which Z resembled X.
(d) Name one feature in which Z resembled Y.
(e) Which is the correct evolutionary chain involving X, Y and Z : X $\to$ Z $\to$ Y or Y $\to$ Z $\to$ X?

Q.

How will you conclude that birds are closely related to reptiles?

Q.

What is not an example of evolution?

Q. What are the methods used to study human evolution? [2 MARKS]

Q. Homologous Organs provide evidence for-

1. Common Ancestry
2. Convergent Evolution
3. Different origin
4. Same function

Q.

The wings of a housefly and the wings of a sparrow are an example of :
(a) analogous organs
(b) vestigial organs
(c) respiratory organs
(d) homologous organs

Q.

why do we have fingers and toes?

Q. Which of these is the tool for tracing evolutionary relationships?

1. Atmosphere
2. Fossils
3. Rocks
4. Footprints

Q.

One pair of organs in the following animals are not homologous. This is :
(a) forelimbs in humans and lizard
(b) forelimbs in lizard and frog
(c) wings in butterfly and bat
(d) wings in bat and bird

Q. Statement-I: Evolution is not always progressive in nature.
Statement-II: The trend of evolution may be progressive or retrogressive.

1. Only statement-I is correct
2. Only statement-II is correct
3. Both the statements are correct
4. Both the statements are incorrect

Q.

Question 6
Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.

Q. Study the following statements
I. Wings of birds and wings of bats are homologous organs.
II. Wings of birds and wings of insects are modified forelimbs.
III. Wings of birds and wings of insects are analogous organs.
IV. Wings of birds and forelimbs of horse are homologous organs.
The correct statements are

1. I and II
2. III and IV
3. II and III
4. I and IV

Q.

Which part becomes modified as the tusk of elephant

Q.

Your arm is homologous with:-

1. A seal flipper

2. An octopus tentacle

3. A bird wing

4. Both (a) and (c)

Q.

The forelimbs of a frog, a bird and a man show the same basic design (or basic structure) of bones. What name is given to such organs ?

Q.

Which of the following is a set of homologous organs?

1. Wings of grasshopper, flippers of whale

2. Wings of birds, front feet of horse

3. Wings of house fly, wings of birds

4. None of these

Q. The heart of mammals and birds is four-chambered, while fishes have two-chambered hearts and amphibians and reptiles have three-chambered hearts. The hearts of birds and mammals are:

1. Analogous
2. Homologous
3. Parallel
4. Transitional
5. Vestigial

Q.

Wing of an insect and forelimb of a bird are :
(a) analogous organs
(b) analeptic organs
(c) homologous organs
(d) homophobic organs

Q.

The organs P and Q of two animals have different structures but similar functions. On the other hand, the two organs R and S of two other animals have the same basic structure but different functions.
(a) What are the organs like P and Q known as
(b) Name the organs like P and Q. Also name the animals which have such organs.
(c) What are the organs like R and S called?
(d) Name the organs like R and S. Also name the animals which have such organs.