Functions of the Kidney

Q.

Why is human osmoregulation important?

Q.

Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

1. Removal of excess water from the body

2. Removal of the undigested food

3. Filtration of waste products from the blood

4. Erythropoietin production

Q.

A healthy adult human excretes(on an average) litre of urine perday

Q.

How is osmoregulation maintained in humans?

Q.

Given below is a highly simplified diagram of the human kidney cut open longitudinally. Answer the questions that follow.

(a) Define excretion.

(b) Name the functional units of the kidneys.

(c) Why does the cortex of the kidney show a dotted appearance?

(d) Mention two functions of the kidney.

(e) Write two differences in the composition of the blood flowing through the blood vessels, 'A' and 'B'.

Q. In the loop of Henle, urine is most concentrated in ______.

1. Thick ascending limb
2. Hairpin bend between descending and ascending limbs
3. Area between ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb

Q. Differentiate between urine and urea. [2 MARKS]

Q. Which of the following is termed as the 'graveyard' of R.B.C.?
(a) Liver
(b) Spleen
(c) Kidney
(d) Bone marrow

Q.

More ADH means

1. Less permeable DCT

2. Concentrated urine

3. Dilute urine

4. Fall in blood osmotic pressure

Q.

What is osmoregulation?

Q. Why does the urine sometimes turn more concentrated and sometimes too much dilute?

Q.

Name the blood vessel that has the lowest concentration of urea.

1. Renal artery

2. Renal vein

3. Hepatic vein

4. Hepatic artery

Q. Major excretory nitrogenous waste in humans is

1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Ammonia
4. Creatinine

Q. What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

Q. Antidiuretic hormone affects the kidney by

1. Constricting arterioles and thus raising blood pressure
2. Increasing the reabsorption of $N{a}^{+}$ in the-distal convoluted tubules
3. Countering the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
4. Increasing the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, thus increasing the osmolarity of the urine

Q. The waste products produced in man, which need excretion are

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Urea and salts
3. Excess of water
4. All of the above

Q. Blood vessels entering the kidney are

1. Hepatic vein
2. Hepatic artery
3. Renal artery
4. Pulmonary artery

Q.

Part of the kidney that has a dotted appearance

Enter 1 word only.

__

Q. Which blood vessel takes blood away from kidney?

1. Renal vein
2. Renal portal vein
3. Afferent arteriole
4. Efferent arteriole

Q. The function of kidney is
(A) removal of carbohydrate waste
(B) removal of bile waste
(C) removal of protein waste
(D) all of the above

Q. Which of the following parts of a kidney contains the lowest concentration of urea?

1. Loop of Henle
2. Branches of renal vein
3. Bowman's capsule
4. Glomerulus

Q. Which structure normally contain higher concentration of urea in a kidney tubule

Q. Short / Long answer type questions .
State the laws that govern exchanges of energy.