Introduction to Hydrogen Chloride

Q. State what happens when a concenarrated solution of sodium chloride is electrolysed? Name the process and justify it.


Write the equation of the reaction involved.

Write the names of the products obtained. Mention one use of each product.

Q.

Why is concentrated Sulphuric acid kept in airtight bottles?

Q.

How can you obtain Nitric acid from potassium nitrate?

Q.

Explain, why (or give reasons for)
(i) In the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride, the gas can be obtained below 200°C or above. But the lower temperature is preferred.
(ii) Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water.
(iii) Hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated above 22.2% by boiling.
(iv) HCl gas does not conduct electricity, but hydrochloric acid conducts electricity.
(v) Only a very dilute solution of hydrogen chloride in water can be concentrated by boiling the solution while a very concentrated solution would become less concentrated when boiled.
(vi) When the stopper of a bottle full of HCl gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(vii) A solution of HCl gas in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while HCl gas dissolves in toluene and it has no effect on litmus and does not conduct electricity.
(viii) An aqueous solution of chlorine is acidic in nature.

Q.

How will you prove that Hydrochloric acid contains (i) hydrogen (ii) chlorine? Write equations for the reactions.

Q.

Hydrogen Chloride occurs in the free state

1. False

2. True

Q.

Which of the following is/was name given to the solution of Hydrogen chloride in water?

1. Hydrochloric Acid.

2. Marine Acid.

3. Muriatic Acid.

4. All of the above.

Q.

Explain each and every topic in briefly with example ?

Q. The Dutch chemist Glauber, synthesised $HCl$ by making common salt react with .

1. sulphuric acid
2. carboxylic acid
3. nitric acid

Q.

The name "hydrogen chloride" was given by

1. Glauber

2. Davy

3. Joseph Priestly

4. Lavoisier

Q.

Where does $HCl$ occur naturally as a gas?

1. In volcanic eruptions.

2. In sea water.

3. In the earths crust.

4. In glaciers.

Q. (a)
(i) Write the balanced chemical equation to prepare ammonia gas in the laboratory by using an alkali.
(ii) State why concentrated sulphuric acid is not used for drying ammonia gas.
(iii) Why is ammonia gas not collected over water?
[3]

(b)
(i) Name the acid used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in the laboratory. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
[3]

(c) For the preparation of hydrochloric acid in the laboratory:
(i) Why is direct absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in water not feasible?
(ii) What arrangement is done to dissolve hydrogen chloride gas in water?
[2]

(d) For the electro-refining of copper:
(i) What is the cathode made up of?
(ii) Write the reaction that takes place at the anode.
[2]

Q.

Hydrogen Chloride occurs in the free state

1. True

2. False

Q. Aqueous solution of which of the following acid cannot be kept in glass bottle ?

1. $HI$
2. $HCl$
3. $HBr$
4. $HF$

Q.

Which of the following is/was name given to the solution of Hydrogen chloride in water?

1. Hydrochloric Acid.

2. Marine Acid.

3. Muriatic Acid.

4. All of the above.

Q. What are allotropes?

Q.

Where does $HCl$ occur naturally as a gas?

1. In volcanic eruptions.

2. In sea water.

3. In the earths crust.

4. In glaciers.

Q.

The name "hydrogen chloride" was given by

1. Glauber

2. Davy

3. Joseph Priestly

4. Lavoisier

Q. The products obtained when lithium burns in air are:

1. $L{i}_{2}O,L{i}_2{O}_2$
2. $L{i}_{2}O,L{i}_{3}N$
3. $L{i}_{2}O$ only
4. $L{i}_{3}N$ only

Q. Which of the following statements is/are wrong?

1. Acetic acid is the systematic name of vinegar
2. The systematic names of acids are formed by dropping -e of the name of parent alkane and adding -oic acid.
3. $\begin{array}{ccccc}& & O^{-}& & \\ & & |& & \\ Me& -& C& -& OH\end{array}$ is an unsaturated compound
4. Prefixes like n-, iso, sec-, tert, neo-, etc., are used in IUPAC system