Morphological and Anatomical Evidences

Q. Choose the correct statement with reference to organic evolution.
I) Flippers of whale and wings of bat exhibit analogy.
II) Wings of butterfly and wings of birds exhibit homology.
III) Organs with dissimilar structure are called analogous organs.
IV) Organs with similar structure and origin are called homologous organs.

1. I and II
2. II and IV
3. I and II
4. III and IV

Q. How many of the following statements is/are completely correct regarding the vestigial organs found in humans?

A. Coccyx, vermiform appendix, excessive body hair are vestigial organs.
B. Long and pointed canine teeth, coccyx, vermiform appendix are vestigial organs.
C. Pelvic girdle, third molars (wisdom teeth), nipples in males are vestigial organs.
D. Nictitating membrane, auricular muscles of pinna, third molars (wisdom teeth) are vestigial organs.

Q. Sweet potato and potato tubers

Q.

Sub-aerial stem modification with long internode is

1. tuber

2. phyllode

3. phylloclade

4. runner

Q. Analogous organs are similar in their

1. Structure
2. Origin
3. Appearance
4. Functions

Q. Which ones are not analogous organs?

1. Wings of bird and wings of a butterfly

2. Eye of octopus and eyes of mammals
3. Flippers of penguins and flippers of dolphins
4. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita

Q. Choose the correct answer from the allternatives given.
The two pairs of wings of cockroach arise one pair each from:

1. prothorax and mesothorax
2. mesothorax and metathorax
3. prothorax and metathorax
4. first two segments of abdomen

Q. Which of the following(s) is/are the characteristic(s) for homologous structures?

1. Anatomically similar
2. Functionally different
3. Divergent evolution
4. Functionally same

Q. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are examples of

1. Analogous organs
2. Homologous organs
3. Vestigial organs
4. Retrogressive evolution

Q. Analogous organs are those which are _______________.

1. functionally similar
2. structurally identical
3. share a common origin
4. non-functional

Q.

The forelimbs of cats and lizards are used in walking; the forelimbs of whales are used in swimming, and the forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of?

1. Convergent evolution

2. Adaptive radiation

3. Homologous organs

4. Analogous organs

Q. An important evidence in favor of organic evolution is the occurrence of

1. Homologous and vestigial organs
2. Analogous and vestigial organs
3. Homologous organs only
4. Homologous and analogous organs

Q. _______ were the immediate ancestors of mammals.

1. Pelycosaurs
2. Therapsids
3. Sauropsids
4. Archaeopteryx

Q. Homologous organs indicate the

1. convergent evolution
2. parallel evolution
3. common descendent
4. natural selection

Q. Very short answer type :
Mention any one striking similarity that is found in the embryos of all vertebrates at an early stage. What is it indicative of?

Q. With regard to the assertion and reason, choose the correct option:
Assertion [A]: Organs can get modified on similar plans of organisation and embryonic development.
Reason [R]: Adaptive radiation results in the development of homologous structures.

1. Both A and R are correct and R explains A
2. Both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
3. A is incorrect but R is correct
4. Both A and R are incorrect

Q. Which of the following sets contain only homologous organs?

1. Whale's flipper, horse's forelimb, human hand
2. Wings of butterfly, crow and insect
3. Horse's forelimb, insect wing, human hand
4. Vermiform appendix, body hair and patella