Diaphragm

Q. Which one of the following is a possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

1. One can breathe out air through Eustachian tube by closing both nose and mouth.
2. The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.
3. One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all.
4. One can breathe out air totally without oxygen.

Q. Respiratory rhythm centre is located in the

1. cerebrum
2. cerebellum
3. spinal cord
4. medulla oblongata

Q.

Mark the correct pair of muscles involved in normal breathing in humans.

(a) External and internal intercostal muscles

(b) Diaphragm and abdominal muscles

(c) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

(d) Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Q. The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option which gives correct identification and/or characteristic.

1. C - Alveoli - Thin-walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases.
2. D - Lower end of lungs - Diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.
3. A - Trachea - Long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air.
4. B - Pleural membrane - Surround ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing.

Q. Choose the correct option.
I. On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute.
II. The volume of air involved in the breathing movements can be estimated by a spirometer.
III. Diaphragm is very useful in both inspiration and expiration.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1. I and II
2. II and III
3. I and III
4. I, II and III

Q. The structure that encloses the thoracic cavity of mammals at the bottom is made up of:

1. Longitudinal muscle
2. Circular muscle
3. Elastic cartilage
4. Radial muscle

Q.

What are mammals? How do mammals breathe?

Q.

What is hysteresis in the lungs?

Q.

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of the human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option which gives the correct identification and the main function and/or their characteristic.

1. A: Trachea - Long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air.

2. D: Lower end of lungs - Diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.

3. B: Pleural membrane - Surrounds ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing.

4. C: Alveoli - Thin-walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases.

Q. Diaphragm is present in:
I) Human
II) Peacock
III) Turtle
IV) Frog

1. I only
2. I and II only
3. I and III only
4. I, II, III, IV

Q. To generate pressure gradients in order to facilitate expiration and inspiration, the human body uses the intercostal muscles and

1. Primary, secondary and tertiary bronchioles
2. Diaphragm
3. Windpipe
4. Alveolar sac
5. Bronchi

Q.

The primary muscle of inspiration which forms the floor of the thoracic cavity is ______.

1. Intercostals

2. Sternum

3. Ventricle

4. Diaphragm

Q. Which of the following structures divides the thoracic region from abdominal region?

1. Sternum
2. Mediastinum
3. Pulmones
4. Diaphragm

Q. Diaphragm is present in:
I) Human
II) Peacock
III) Turtle
IV) Frog

1. I only
2. I and II only
3. I and III only
4. I, II, III, IV

Q. The structure that encloses the thoracic cavity of mammals at the bottom is made up of:

1. Longitudinal muscle
2. Circular muscle
3. Elastic cartilage
4. Radial muscle

Q. Inferior ovary occurs in _____________.

1. Cruciferae
2. Compositae
3. Malvaceae
4. Ranuculaceae

Q. Identify the sequence of steps involved during inspiration in rabbit.
(A) Volume of thoracic cavity increases
(B) Contraction of external intercostal muscles moves the rib cage forward
(C) Diaphragm becomes flat
(D) Thoracic cavity expands drawing air into lungs.

1. (C)$\to$(B)$\to$ (A)$\to$(D)
   
2. (C)$\to$(A)$\to$ (B)$\to$ (D)
3. (A)$\to$(D)$\to$ (B) $\to$ (C)
4. (A)$\to$(B)$\to$(C)$\to$ (D)

Q. Which of the following is not a respiratory exchange surface?

1. Air sacs of birds
2. Skin of amphibians
3. Gills of larval amphibians
4. Alveoli of mammals

Q. Which of the following structures divides the thoracic region from abdominal region?

1. Sternum
2. Mediastinum
3. Pulmones
4. Diaphragm

Q.

When an artery constricts

1. lumen becomes constricted

2. lumen gets wider

3. person may appear pale

4. elastic muscles become ineffective

Q.

A wound making a hole through a persons chest will cause him difficulty in breathing mainly because:

1. It would damage the nerves to the diaphragm

2. Air breathed in through the mouth and nose would escape through hole

3. The negative pressure caused by the action of the diaphragm would be lost through the hole

4. Air would enter the lungs through the hole instead of the normal route thoroughly trachea and bronchi

Q. Jacobson's organs are concerned with .................. in amphibians.

1. Taste
2. Smell
3. Touch
4. Taste and vision

Q. The muscular movement of ........... helps in respiration.

1. Diaphragm
2. Ribs
3. Lungs
4. All of the above

Q.

The primary muscle of inspiration which forms the floor of the thoracic cavity is ______.

1. sternum

2. pleural membrane

3. ventricle

4. diaphragm

Q. Which of the following does not happen in normal quiet exhalation?

1. Contraction of internal intercostal muscles
2. Relaxation of phrenic muscles
3. Relaxation of external intercostal muscles
4. Both $\left(2\right)$ & $\left(3\right)$

Q. Which of the following is wrong in relation to photorespiration ?

1. It’s a characteristic of $C_4$ plants
2. It occurs is chloroplasts
3. It’s a characteristic of $C_3$ plants
4. It occurs in daytime only

Q. Which of the following is made up of cartilaginous rings?

1. Nasal chamber
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea