Glucagon and Its Mode of Action

Q. Which of the following statements regarding glucagon is false?

1. It acts antagonistically to insulin.
2. It is secreted by a heterocrine gland.
3. It is secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans.
4. It decreases the blood sugar level.

Q. insulin is polymer of --------?

Q. In mammals including humans, insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone which contains an extra stretch called the C peptide. This C peptide is not present in mature insulin and is removed during maturation by:

1. Exopeptidase
2. Endonucleases
3. Restriction enzymes
4. Endopeptidases

Q. Counter current mechanism between loop of Henle and vasa recta results in reabsorption of water from:

1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted part of nephron
3. PCT of nephron
4. Descending limb of loop of Henle to the ascending limb of vasa recta

Q. Select the odd one with respect to antagonistic pair of hormones.

1. Insulin and glucagon
2. Calcitonin and PTH
3. ANF and aldosterone
4. Cortisol and glucagon

Q. Match the following columns:

	Column I		Column II
(A)	Epinephrine	1	Stimulates the muscle growth
(B)	Testosterone	2	Decrease in blood pressure
(C)	Glucagon	3	Breakdown of liver glycogen
(D)	Atrial natriuretic factor	4	Increases heart beat

1. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
2. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
3. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
4. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

Q.

How can I reduce inflammation in my pancreas?

Q. Which of the following hormones promotes glycogenolysis?

1. Glucagon
2. Insulin
3. Aldosterone
4. Adrenaline

Q. Which hormone regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the body?

1. Adrenaline
2. Iodine
3. Growth hormone
4. Thyroxin

Q. Name two hormones secreted by pancreas. Write one function of each.

Q.

During the summer season, which hormone concentration is maintained at a high level?

1. Insulin
2. Vasopressin
3. Oxytocin
4. Corticoid

Q. Match the correct options with respect to the functions.
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Column 1}& \text{Column 2}\\ \text{A)Proximal convoluted tubule}& \text{1) Formation of concentrated urine}\\ \text{B)Distal convoluted tubule}& \text{2) Filtration of blood}\\ \text{C)Henle’s loop}& \text{3) 70-80\% reabsorption}\\ \text{D)Countercurrent mechanism}& \text{4) ionic balance}\\ \text{E)Renal corpuscle}& \text{5) Maintenance of concentration}\\ & \text{gradient in medulla}\end{array}$

1. A-3, B-2, C-5, D-1, E-4
2. A-4, B-2, C-5, D-3, E-1
3. A-3, B-4, C-5, D-1, E-2
4. A-3, B-4, C-5, D-1, E-2

Q.

Define exocrine gland.

Q.

The given figure represents the maturation of proinsulin into insulin. Identify the product A.

1. Both b and c

2. Polypeptide chain A

3. Polypeptide chain B

4. Polypeptide chain C

Q. Match the following
A. Humulin i. Possesses 21 amino acids
B. A-peptide ii. Extra stretch present in pro-insulin
C. B-peptide iii. First genetically engineered hormone
D. C-peptide iv. Connects peptide chains
E. Disulphide Bonds v. Possesses 30 amino acids

1. A-v, B-iv, C-iii, D-ii, E-i
2. A- iii, B-i, C-v, D-ii, E-iv
3. A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii, E-v
4. A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i, E-v

Q. Fluid within loop of Henle is concentrated in–

1. Thick ascending limb
2. Descending limb
3. Hair pin bend between descending and ascending limbs
4. Bend between the ascending limb and the distal tubule

Q. The reasons behind addiction to alcohol include
I. The desire to escape from disappointment and failure
II. Increased level of tolerance for alcohol in the body
III. Desire to increase athletic performance

1. I and II
2. II and III
3. I, II and III
4. I and III

Q.

Differentiate between the following
Exocrine and endocrine glands

Q. The protein α-1-antitrypsin which is obtained from a transgenic animal and used in treatment of emphysema, is inhibitor of

पारजीवी जंतु से प्राप्त होने वाला प्रोटीन α-1-एंटीट्रिप्सिन जिसका उपयोग वातस्फीति के उपचार में किया जाता है, किसका संदमक है?

1. Proteases
   
   प्रोटीएजेज
2. Anti-proteases
   
   एंटी-प्रोटीऐजेज
3. Amylases
   
   एमाइलेजेज
4. Lipases
   
   लाइपेजेज

Q. Which of the following hormones is derived from a single amino acid?

1. Epinephrine
2. Estradiol
3. Thyroxine
4. Oxytocin

Q.

Can the hormone glucagon raise blood sugar?

Q.

What triggers glucagon?

Q. Which of the following hormones promotes glycogenolysis?

1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Adrenaline
4. Aldosterone

Q.

Is liver disease curable?

Q. Which of the follwoing is not correctly matched?

1. Glucagon - Beta cells (source)
2. Somatostatin - Delta cells (source)
3. Corpus luteum - Relaxin (secretion)
4. Insulin - Diabetes mellitus (Disease)

Q. Name: (c) Name the hormone that releases glucose into the blood.

Q. Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body?

1. It is broken down by the digestive juices and then utilized by the cells.
2. It is large in size.
3. It is linked by disulphide bonds.
4. None of the above

Q. Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?

Q. A doctor advised a person to take an injection of insulin because

1. His blood pressure was low
2. His heart was beating slowly
3. He was suffering from goitre
4. His sugar level in blood was high

Q. The islets of Langerhans are found in.

1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Alimentary canal