Inbreeding

Q.

What is the meaning of Hypophysation?

Q. Homozygous purelines in cattle can be obtained by :

1. mating of related individuals of same breed
2. mating of unrelated individuals of same breed
3. mating of individuals of different breed
4. mating of individuals of different species

Q. Suggest a method to overcome excessive inbreeding depression. [1 Mark]

Q. Organisms with very high intrinsic growth rates have

1. long generation times
2. short generation times
3. no courtship behaviour
4. no carrying capacities

Q. In a certain population which is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of allele A is 0.8 and that of allele a is 0.2. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in this population at equilibrium?

1. 0.16
2. 0.64
3. 0.24
4. 0.32

Q. What is progeny cells??

Q. Individuals homozygous for CD genes were crossed with wild type (AA).
The F1 dihybrid thus produced was test crossed and it produced offsprings in the following ratio:
• AA – 950
• CD – 800
• AD – 130
• AC – 110
What is the distance between C and D genes?

1. 12 cM
   
2. 88 cM
   
3. 44 cM
   
4. 56 cM

Q.

Hybridisation is an important process economically. Give reason.

Q. It is commonly observed that parents feel embarrassed to discuss freely with their adolescent children about sexuality and reproduction. The result of this parental inhibition is that the children go astray sometimes.

(a) Explain the reasons that you feel are behind such embarrassment amongst some parents to freely discuss such issues with their growing children.

(b) By taking one example of a local plant and animal, how would you help these parents to overcome such inhibitions about reproduction and sexuality? [4]

Q.

Name two indigenous breeds each of sheep and goats.

Q. In immune response mechanism clonal selection is a process in which

1. 
   a special type of clone cell line is identified in a cell culture
2. 
   the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes occur in response to a specific antigen
3. cloning of a specific gene is done by inserting the same into a bacteria by recombinant DNA technology
4. 
   selection of an appropriate cell type is done for the purpose of cloning

Q. Which of the following is not true for inbreeding?

1. It leads to homozygosity.
2. It causes inbreeding depression after a few generations.
   
3. It always increases the productivity
4. It is used to produce a pure line.
   

Q.

Animal breeding is an important aspect of animal husbandry. Aims of animal breeding are

1. Increasing the yield of animals

2. Improving the desirable quality of the produce

3. To maintain disease free condition

4. Both a and b

Q. What effect will inbreeding tend to have on genotypic frequencies in a population?

1. It will decrease the frequency of genotypes that produce a dominant phenotype
   
2. It will increase the frequency of homozygous genotypes
3. It will increase the frequency of heterozygous genotypes
4. It will increase the frequency of genotypes that produce a dominant phenotype

Q. How many types of gametes will be produced by an individual having genotype AaBbcc?

1. Two
2. One
3. Four
4. Three

Q. Stem cells are often genetically modified to use them in gene therapy for congenital or genetic diseases. Which of the following is a major ethical issue associated with embryonic stem cell therapy?

1. The genetic integrity of the patient is compromised
2. Risk of unwanted abortions for obtaining embryonic stem cells
3. High cost involved with stem cell therapy
4. Both b and c

Q. How to find number of gametes in monohybrid cross?

Q. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of

1. Fish
2. Mice
3. Pig
4. Cow

Q. Assertion :Test cross is the cross between the $F_1$ progeny and either of the parent types. Reason: Back cross is the cross between $F_1$ progeny and the double recessive genotype.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. A mule is produced by the interspecific hybridisation between ________.

1. Hisaedale and Merino rams
2. Male donkey and a Mare
3. Female donkey and a Male horse
4. Merino ram and Bikaneri ewe

Q. Interspecific hybridisation is mating of :

1. Two different related species
2. Superior males and females of different breed
3. More closely related individuals within same breed for 4-6 generations
4. Animals within same breed without having common ancestors

Q.

Explain inbreeding depression?

Q. Homozygous purelines in cattle can be obtained by:

1. mating of unrelated individuals of the same breed.
2. mating of individuals of different breed
3. mating of individuals of different species
4. mating of related individuals of the same breed

Q. What is meant by the term 'Breed'? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Q. List the advantage of inbreeding in cattle.

Q. Define inbreeding depression.

Q. In which of the following types of breeding the superior males of one breed are mated with superior females of another breed?

1. Out crossing
2. Cross breeding
3. Out breeding
4. In breeding

Q. When a dihybrid cross is fit into a punnett square with 16 boxes, the maximum number of different phenotypes available, are

1. 8
2. 4
3. 2
4. 16

Q. (a) Explain how to overcome inbreeding depression in cattle.
(b) List three advantages of inbreeding in cattle.
(c) Name an improved breed of cattle.

Q. What is artificial insemination? Mention its two advantages in breeding of dairy animals.