Introduction to Biotechnology

Q.

Which of the following refer to correct example(s) of organisms which have evolved due to changes in the environment brought about by anthropogenic action?

1. Darwin’s Finches of Galapagos islands.
2. Herbicide-resistant weeds
3. Drug-resistant eukaryotes.
4. Man-created breeds of domesticated animals like dogs.

1. 2, 3, and 4

2. Only 4

3. Only 1

4. 1 and 3

Q.

What are the branches of human physiology?

Q.

What are biosafety and bioethics?

Q. The EFB has given a definition of biotechnology that encompasses both traditional views and modern molecular biotechnology. The definition given by EFB is as follows:

1. The use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisation without proper authorization from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment
2. The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services
3. Industrial scale production of biopharmaceuticals and biologicals using genetically modified microbes, fungi, plants and animals
4. Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism

Q. Study the following statements (A-D).
A. In mammals, insulin is synthesised as a prohormone.
B. Mature insulin consists of three short polypeptide chains.
C. Humulin is synthesised using Escherichia coli.
D. Insulin helps in gluconeogenesis.
How many of the above statements are true?

1. Three
2. Two
3. Four
4. One

Q.

What is the difference between biosafety and biosecurity?

Q. Which of the following features are required to facilitate cloning into a vector?

a. Origin of replication (ori)
b. Selectable marker
c. Cloning site

1. a, b and c
2. a and c
3. b and c
4. a and b

Q. Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

1. Human chromosomes replicate in bacterial cell
2. Bacterial cell can undertake RNA splicing
3. Genetic code is universal
4. Mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria

Q. Which of the following tools are used in recombinant DNA technology?

1. Plasmids
2. Restriction enzymes
3. DNA ligase
4. All of these

Q. Restriction enzymes are also called

1. molecular markers
2. molecular scissors
3. vectors
4. carriers

Q.

What is biosafety regulation?

Q. First hormone prepared by genetic engineering is

1. Oxytoxin
2. Somatotropin
3. Adrenaline
4. Insulin

Q. Father of experimental genetics is

1. Mendel
2. Hugo de Vries
3. Morgan
4. Archibald Garrod

Q.

What is the waste product of bacteria?

Q. What is hybrid vehicle technology? Explain its advantages with a suitable example?

Q. Introduction of foreign gene for improving genotype is called

1. tissue culture
2. eugenics
3. vernalisation
4. genetic engineering

Q. Arrange the given steps involved in recombinant DNA technology in the correct order.

A. Amplification of desired DNA sequence (gene of interest) with PCR modification
B. Ligation of gene of interest with the vector
C. Removal of RNA and proteins to purify DNA
D. Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host
E. Treatment of cell with cell wall digesting enzyme followed by disruption of the cell membrane
F. Digestion of DNA of interest and vector with suitable restriction enzyme

1. C → E → B → F → A → D
2. E → C → A → B → F → D
3. E → C → A → F → B → D
4. A → E → C → B → D → F

Q. The flow chart given below represents the process of recombinant DNA technology. Identify A, B, C and D.

1. A- Restriction endonuclease, B- Exonuclease, C- DNA ligase, D- Transformation
2. A- Restriction endonuclease, B- Restriction endonuclease, C- DNA ligase, D- Transformation
3. A- Restriction endonuclease, B- Restriction endonuclease, C- Hydrolase, D- Transformation
4. A- Restriction endonuclease, B- Restriction endonuclease, C- Hydrolase, D- Transduction

Q. Read the following statements with respect to ELISA and select the correct option. (T-true, F-false)
I. ELISA test is employed as the first and most basic test for an individual to detect HIV.
II.Expanded form of ELISA is Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and is used to identify specific proteins.
III. ELISA detects DNA in HIV-positive patients.

1. I - T, II - F, III - T
2. I - F, II - T, III - F
3. I - T, II - T, III - F
4. I - T, II - F, III - F

Q. State the principle on which ELISA technique is based . How does it help in early detection of a disease

Q. The given figure represents the maturation of proinsulin into insulin. Identify the product A. [1]

a. Polypeptide A
b. Polypeptide B
c. Polypeptide C
d. Both (b) and (c)

Q. Which of the given processes is a component of upstream processing of desired gene product?

1. Separation
2. Purification
3. Preservation
4. Expression of the gene

Q.

During recombinant dna technology, as genotype of the organisms changes, also its phenotype gets modified?

Q. First hormone prepared by genetic engineering is

1. Oxytoxin
2. Somatotropin
3. Adrenaline
4. Insulin

Q. Who is known as father of physiological genetics or father of biochemical genetics

1. Slatyer
2. Charles Elton
3. Taylors
4. Archibald Garrod

Q. Choose the false statement-

1. More than one copy of the same recognition site within a vector can complicate gene cloning
2. In pBR322, only one selectable marker is present
3. The technique of PCR was developed by Kary Mullis
4. All are incorrect

Q. [5]
(a) Write the scientific name of the organism Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues worked with for their experiments. Explain the correlation between linkage and recombination with respect to genes as studied by them.

(b) How did Sturtevant explain gene mapping while working with Morgan ?

Q.

Match the column I appropriately with that of column II and select the correct option.

Column I	Column II
a. rDNA	i. Sea weeds
b. EtBr	ii. DNA visualisation
c. Electrophoresis	iii. Plasmid DNA
d. Agarose	iv. DNA separation

1. a-ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i
2. a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv
3. a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
4. a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i

Q.

Use of biology in industrial process and for improving quality of life is called:

1. Microbiology

2. Genetic engineering

3. Biotechnology

4. Eugenics

Q. How many of the following statement(s) regarding insertional inactivation of lacZ gene are incorrect?

1. lacZ gene remains active in non-recombinant transformed bacteria.
2. X-gal gets hydrolysed and produces a blue product in non-recombinant transformed bacteria.
3. Bacterial colonies which are transformed with recombinant DNA appear white.
4. 𝛃-Galactosidase is produced in recombinant bacteria.
5. Bacterial colonies which are transformed with recombinant DNA appear blue.

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four