Primary Succession & Examples

Q. Can you think of a few eurythermal and stenothermal animals and plants?

Q.

Given below are a few organisms. Which among the below can grow on stones and help in the formation of soil? Write the mode of their action for making soil.

1. Lichens

2. Moss

3. Mango tree

4. Cactus

Q. Secondary succession takes place on/in

1. Newly cooled lava.
2. Bare rock.
3. Degraded forest.
4. Newly created pond.

Q. Which of the following is not true for primary succession?

1. It occurs in newly created pond or bare rock
   
2. It is faster than secondary succession
3. Soil must be present
4. It can be affected by natural or human disturbances

Q. The sequence of communities of primary succession in water is?

1. Phytoplankton, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, sedges, grasses and trees
2. Phytoplankton, sedges, free-floating hydrophytes, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees
3. Free-floating hydrophytes, sedges, phytoplankton, rooted hydrophytes, grasses and trees
4. Phytoplankton, rooted submerged hydrophytes, floating hydrophytes, reed swamp, sedges, meadow and trees

Q. Secondary/Succession takes on/in:

1. Bare rock
2. Newly created pond
3. Degraded forest
4. Newly cooled lava

Q. The difference between primary succession and secondary succession is that

1. Primary succession occurs on soil
2. Primary succession begins with plant species
3. Secondary succession involves animal species
4. Primary succession begins with lichens
5. Secondary succession involves the weathering of rock

Q. In plant succession last community is called as

1. Seral community
2. Ecotone
3. Climax community
4. Ecocystem

Q. The rate of secondary succession is faster than primary succession because.

1. Soil or sediment is already present
2. Climax community is already present
3. pH of soil is favourable
4. Water is available in large quantity

Q. Temperature is considered as the most ecologically relevant environmental factor because it affects ________ of organisms

1. physiology
2. morphology
3. geographical distribution
4. all of these

Q. Which of the following is not true for primary succession?

1. It occurs in newly created pond or bare rock
   
2. It is faster than secondary succession
3. Soil must be present
4. It can be affected by natural or human disturbances

Q. Assertion :Primary succession occurs in a freshly harvested field. Reason: Succession occurs over a bare area.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. Why is the rate of secondary succession faster than that of primary succession

Q. One of the following areas is an example of secondary succession if succession takes place in / an

1. Abandoned farm land
2. Newly cooled larva
3. New created pond
4. Bare rock

Q. Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves:

1. time for development of the soil horizons
2. more time for development of a seed.bank
3. colonization by organisms that are farther away
4. redevelopment of the atmospheric gases

Q. Which one of the following areas is an example of secondary succession if the succession takes place in/on?

1. Abandoned farm land
2. Newly cooled lava
3. Newly created pond
4. Bare rock

Q. The final stable community in ecological succession is ?

1. Seral community
2. Pioneer communiy
3. Ecosere
4. Climax community

Q. Regarding the given assertion and reason, choose the right option

Assertion [A]: Primary succession occurs in a freshly harvested field.
Reason [R]: Successsion always occurs over a bare area.

1. A and R are true, and R explains A
2. A and R are true, and R does not explain A
3. A is true and R is false
4. Both A and R are false

Q. Assertion :Crustose lichens, in a lithosere, secrete organic acid causing the weathering of rocks so that minerals essential for proper growth of lichens are released. Reason: Early colonists in a primary succession are usually lichens, which suggests that colonisation is easier when an organism has a mutualistic association.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. Plants growing in and around a pond eventually filling in the pond and converting it to a terrestrial habitat is an example of

1. Dispersion
2. Succession
3. Speciation
4. Mutation
5. Fertilization

Q. What is succession? What are its type? Write any two stages.

Q. In swampy areas like the Sunderbans in West Bengal, plants bear special kind of roots called .

Q. As the succession proceeds number and types of _________ change.

1. Vegetation
2. Animals
3. Vegetation and animals
4. Vegetation, animals and decomposers

Q. Which of the following is a correct trend of succession in hydroseric succession?

1. Rooted submerged $\to$ Phytoplankton $\to$ Reed swamp $\to$ Sedge meadow
2. Phytoplankton $\to$ Reed swamp $\to$ Rooted submerged $\to$ Sedge meadow
3. Phytoplankton $\to$ Sedge medow $\to$ Reed swamp $\to$ Root submerged
4. Phytoplankton $\to$ Rooted submerged $\to$ Reed swamp $\to$ Sedge meadow

Q. In a disturbed site in a community recovers and moves again toward the climax state.

1. area effect
2. primary succession
3. distance effect
4. secondary succession

Q. Select the correct matches :

1. a, b, and d only
2. b, and c only
3. a, and c only
4. b, and d only

Q. Complete the world puzzle.
Down
1.Species on the verge of extinction.
2.A book carrying information about endangered species.
5. Consequence of deforestation.
Across
1. Species which have vanished.
3. Species found only in a particular habitat.
4. Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.

Q. Explain how does:
(a) A primary succession start on a bare rock and reach a climax community?
(b) The algal bloom eventually choke the water body in an industrial area?

Q. Lichen is a pioneer in which succession?

1. Hydrosere
2. Lithosere
3. Psammosere
4. Xerosere

Q. In autogenic succession,

1. The community itself modifies its own environment thus causing its own replacement by a new community.
2. Early dominance of heterotrophs.
3. Replacement of existing communities due to external conditions.
4. Early and continued dominance of autotrophic organisms.
5. There is previously built substratum with already existing matter.