Regulation of Respiration

How is respiration regulated?

1. $C_2\to R\to PT\to C_1$
2. $PT\to \underset{\underset{C_1}{\uparrow }}{R}\leftarrow C_2$
3. $C_1\to \underset{\underset{R}{\uparrow }}{PT}\to C_2$
4. $PT\to \underset{\underset{R}{\uparrow }}{C_2}\to C_1$

Explain the role of neural system in regulation of respiration.

1. Pons
2. Medulla
3. Cerebellum
4. Both a and b

What are central and peripheral chemoreceptors?

The respiratory centre in the brain is stimulated by $C{O}_2$

1. $C{O}_2$ concentration in venous blood

2. $O_2$ concentration in arterial blood

3. $C{O}_2$ concentration in arterial blood

4. $O_2$ concentration in venous blood

The respiratory centres, which control inspiration and expiration, are located in

1. medulla oblongata

2. diencephalon

3. spinal cord

4. cerebellum

1. If the blood pH is less, the medullary respiratory center sends nervous impulses to the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, to increase the breathing rate.
2. Aortic arch and carotid artery can recognize fluctuations in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration and hence, can send signals to the medullary rhythm centre.
3. Neural signals from pneumotaxic centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and can regulate the medullary centre to increase the respiratory rate.
4. Chemosensitive area is highly sensitive to carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion concentration.

1. Medulla
2. Cerebrum
3. Pons
4. Cerebellum

Respiratory process is regulated by certain specialised centres in the brain. One of the following Listed centres can reduce the inspiratory duration upon stimulation.

(a) Medullary inspiratory centre

(b) Pneumotaxic centre

(c) Apneustic centre

(d) Chemosensitive centre

1. Both i and ii are correct
2. Only iii is correct
3. All are correct
4. Only i is correct

1. 1-iv, 2-iii 3-i, 4-ii
2. 1-iv, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iii
3. 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv
4. 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-iv, 4-i

Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?

1. rising carbon dioxide levels

2. rising blood pressure

3. arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg

4. arterial pH resulting from CO2 retention

Fill in the blanks:

The inspiratory and expiratory centres are present in the___(i)____. The Pneumotaxic and the Apneustic centres are present in the___(ii)___. The inspiratory system is basically responsible for___(iii).___ The expiratory system become activated during forced ___(iv)___.

1. i).➡Pons ii).➡Medulla iii).➡Expiration iv).➡ Inspiration.

2. i).➡Medulla ii).➡Pons iii).➡Inspiration) iv). ➡Expiration.

3. i).➡Medulla ii).➡ Pons iii).➡Inspiration iv). ➡Inspiration.

4. i).➡Medulla ii).➡ Pons iii).➡Expiration iv).➡ Expiration

1. Concentration of $H{O}_2$ and $H^{+}$ ions
2. Concentration of $O_2$ and $H^{+}$ ions
3. Concentration of $C{O}_2$ and $H^{+}$ ions
4. Concentration of $S{O}_2$ and $H^{+}$ ions

1. High oxygen concentration
2. Low carbon dioxide concentration
3. Low pH
4. None of the above

1. Both the assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
3. The assertion is true but the reason is false
4. Both the assertion and reason are false

What is the Warburg effect?

Rearrange the following incorrect sequence pertaining to what is given within brackets at the end.

Diencephalon ⇢ Cerebellum ⇢ Medulla oblongata ⇢ Pons ⇢Cerebrum ⇢ Mid brain (Sequence of parts of human brain)

Why do we yawn?

1. True
2. False

1. pH in blood
2. $O_2$ level and pH in blood.
3. $C{O}_2$ level in blood
4. $O_2$ level in blood

1. Medullary centre
2. Pneumotaxic centre
3. Apneustic centre
4. None of the above

1. (i) $O_2$ (ii) $C{O}_2$ (iii)pneumotaxic centre
2. (i) $C{O}_2$ (ii) $H^{+}$ (iii) rhythm centre
3. (i) $C{O}_2$ (ii) $H^{+}$ (iii) apneustic centre
4. (i) $O_2$ (ii) $H^{+}$ (iii)pneumotaxic centre

The regulation process of respiration functions through ________.

The respiratory centre in the brain is stimulate by

1. Oxygen content in arterial blood

2. Carbon dioxide content in venous blood

3. Carbon dioxide content in arterial blood
4. Oxygen content in venous blood

1. Rising $C{O}_2$ and falling $O_2$ concentration
2. Falling $O_2$ concentration
3. Falling $C{O}_2$ concentration
4. Rising $C{O}_2$ concentration