Reproductive Phase

Q. What are the major features of embryonic development at various months of pregnancy?

Q. Which of the following statements are true?
I. Oogenesis and spermatogenesis produce equal sized cells at all stages
II. Large number of follicles degenerate from birth to puberty
III. Oogonia can be formed after birth in ovary
IV. At puberty, only 60, 000-80, 000 primary follicles are left in each ovary

1. I and II
2. I, III and IV
3. II only
4. II and IV

Q. Can you identify major differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Q. Which of the following are directly responsible for the transitions between juvenile, reproductive and senescent phases in organisms?

1. Enzymes
2. Food
3. Hormones
4. None of the above

Q. Match the following and choose the correct option:
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{1. Vegetative phase}& \text{i. Phase during which the organism}\\ & \text{can reproduce sexually}\\ \text{2. Senescent phase}& \text{ii. Phase of growth after birth}\\ & \text{until the attainment of reproductive maturity}\\ \text{3. Reproductive phase}& \text{iii. Phase during which the organism cannot}\\ & \text{reproduce sexually and grows old}\end{array}$

1. 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii
2. 1-i, 2-iii, 3-ii
3. 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i
4. 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i

Q. Internal buds in sponges are called

1. bud
2. parenchymula
3. gemmule
4. none of above

Q. Which of the following years are possible for flowering in neelakuranji if it flowered in 2006?

1. 2012
2. 2018
3. Both b and c
4. 2030

Q. Which of the following will cause release of ovum from the Graafian follicle?

1. High concentration of progesterone
2. High concentration of LH
3. Low concentration of FSH
4. Low concentration of estrogen

Q. Strobilanthes kunthiana (Neelakuranji) flowers once in every

1. 12 months
2. 12 days
3. 12 years
4. 50 years

Q. Which of the following statements is incorrect about menstruation in females?

1. At menopause in the female, there is an abrupt increase in gonadotropic hormones
2. The first occurrence of menstruation is called menarche
3. During normal menstruation about 40 mL blood is lost
4. The menstrual fluid can easily clot

Q. Fill in the blanks:
(g) Ovulation is induced by a hormone called

Q. Match the following columns and select the correct option.

	Column-I		Column-II
(a)	Placenta	(i)	Secrete testosterone in presence of LH
(b)	Zona pellucida	(ii)	Secretes hPL
(c)	Bulbourethral glands	(iii)	Secreted by secondary oocyte
(d)	Leydig cells	(iv)	Homologous to Bartholin's glands

1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
2. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
3. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
4. (a) (b) (c) (d)
   (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

Q. Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ for the statement given below:

Fertilisation in human beings occurs in the proximal part of the fallopian tube.

1. False
2. True

Q.

Regarding assertion and reason; chose the correct option

Assertion (A): Monocarpic plants produce flowers and fruits only once in their lifetime.

Reason (R): Polycarpic plants produce flowers and fruits more than once in their lifetime.

1. Both A and R are correct and R explains A

2. Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A

3. A is correct and R is incorrect

4. Both A and R are incorrect

Q. Which of the following is not a function of placenta?

1. Facilitates supply of oxygen and nutrients to embryo
2. Secretes estrogens
3. Facilitates removal of carbon dioxide and waste material from embryo
4. Secretes oxytocin during parturition

Q.

Is medusa a jellyfish?

Q. Several hormones like hCG, hPL, estrogen and progesterone are produced by __________.

1. foetus
2. placenta
3. fallopian tube
4. pituitary gland

Q.

In both plants and animals __ are responsible for the transition between phases of life cycle.

Q. Types of moulds

Q. Which of the following are directly responsible for the transitions between juvenile, reproductive and senescent phases in organisms?

1. Enzymes
2. Food
3. Hormones
4. None of the above

Q. Which of the following statements is incorrect about menstruation in females?

1. At menopause in the female, there is an abrupt increase in gonadotropic hormones
2. The first occurrence of menstruation is called menarche
3. During normal menstruation about 40 mL blood is lost
4. The menstrual fluid can easily clot

Q. Gemmule formation takes place in:

1. Sponges

2. Jelly fish

3. Earthworm

4. Flatworms

Q.

Make a list of plants flowering in summer.

Q. Case:
The average duration of human pregnancy is about 9 months. Parturition in humans is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism. Rekha has completed her 9 months of pregnancy and her expected delivery date has passed but she has not undergone labor. Both her and family got worried and went to the hospital to consult her obstetrician. A complete blood work was done and the doctor observed extremely low levels of certain hormones and high levels of hPL, estrogen, thyroxine, etc.
On further examination, the doctor revealed that her uterus is not showing vigorous contractions which are extremely needed for delivery of the foetus. The doctor took consent from Rekha and injected her with a medicine to promote uterine contractions. Also, her obstetrician counselled her about benefits of breast feeding and good practices for postnatal care of herself and the baby.

During parturition, the hormone released from maternal pituitary acts on uterus and causes strong uterine contractions which in turn stimulate further secretion of this hormone. This is a type of:
[0.7 mark]

1. Positive feedback mechanism
2. Negative feedback mechanism
3. Allosteric modulation
4. Competitive inhibition

Q. It is commonly observed that parents feel embarrassed to discuss freely with their adolescent children about sexuality and reproduction. The result of this parental inhibition is that the children go astray sometimes.

(a) Explain the reasons that you feel are behind such embarrassment amongst some parents to freely discuss such issues with their growing children.

(b) By taking one example of a local plant and animal, how would you help these parents to overcome such inhibitions about reproduction and sexuality? [4]

Q. Match the following and choose the correct option:
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{1. Vegetative phase}& \text{i. Phase during which the organism}\\ & \text{can reproduce sexually}\\ \text{2. Senescent phase}& \text{ii. Phase of growth after birth}\\ & \text{until the attainment of reproductive maturity}\\ \text{3. Reproductive phase}& \text{iii. Phase during which the organism cannot}\\ & \text{reproduce sexually and grows old}\end{array}$

1. 1-ii, 2-i, 3-iii
2. 1-i, 2-iii, 3-ii
3. 1-ii, 2-iii, 3-i
4. 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i

Q.

Regarding assertion and reason; chose the correct option

Assertion (A): Monocarpic plants produce flowers and fruits only once in their lifetime.

Reason (R): Polycarpic plants produce flowers and fruits more than once in their lifetime.

1. Both A and R are correct and R explains A

2. Both A and R are correct and R does not explain A

3. A is correct and R is incorrect

4. Both A and R are incorrect