Somatic Hybridization

Q.

What is the difference between protoplast and protoplasm?

Q. A protoplast is a cell:

1. without cell wall
2. without plasma membrane
3. without nucleus
4. undergoing division

Q. Match the following
$\begin{array}{cc}ColumnI& ColumnII\\ A.Micropropagation& 1.Plantsproducedthroughprotoplastfusion\\ B.Somaclones& 2.Productionofplantsthroughtissuecluture\\ C.Somatichybrids& 3.Fusionofisolatedprotoplasts\\ D.Somatichybridisation& 4.Plantsidenticaltooriginalplants\end{array}$

1. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
2. A - 2, B - 4, C - 3, D - 1
3. A -1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
4. A - 2, B - 4, C -1, D - 3

Q. Which of the following option gives the correct order of steps in somatic hybridization?

1. Fusion of protoplasm ➡ Cell wall removal ➡ Callus formation ➡ Cell wall formation
2. Cell wall removal ➡ Callus formation ➡ Protoplasm fusion ➡ Cell wall formation
3. Cell wall removal ➡ Protoplasm fusion ➡ Cell wall formation ➡ Callus formation
4. Cell wall removal ➡ Protoplasm fusion ➡ Callus formation ➡ Cell wall formtion

Q. A heterokaryon or somatic hybrid is

1. Cell containing two genetically identical nuclei
2. Cell containing two genetically different nuclei
3. Cell containing a single, large nucleus
4. None of the above

Q. Protoplasts are devoid of

1. Cell wall
2. Cell membrane
3. Both cell wall and cell membrane
4. Nuclear membrane

Q. Protoplast is a cell

1. without cell wall
2. without nucleus
3. undergoing division
4. without plasma membrane

Q. Which breeding method uses a chemical to strip the cell wall of plant cells of two sexually incompatible species?

1. Mass selection
2. Protoplast fusion
3. Transformation
4. Hybridisation

Q. Name important tissue culture applications and describe them in brief.

Q. Given below are a few statements regarding somatic hybridisation. Choose the correct statements.
(i) Protoplasts of different cells of the same plant are fused.
(ii) Protoplasts from cells of different species can be fused.
(iii) Treatment of cells with cellulase and pectinase is mandatory
(iv) The hybrid protoplast contains characters of only one parental protoplast.

1. (i) and (iii)
2. (i) and (ii)
3. (i) and (iv)
4. (ii) and (iii)

Q. A heterokaryon or somatic hybrid is

1. A cell containing two genetically identical nuclei
2. A cell containing two genetically different nuclei
3. A cell containing a single, large nucleus
4. None of the above

Q. In somatic hybridization, protoplasts of two different cells are fused by using ___________.

1. Calcium chloride
2. Hydrogen chloride
3. Polythylene glycol
4. Sodium bicarbonate

Q. The transfer of tissue in monozygous twins can be categorized as

1. Isograft.
2. Autograft.
3. Allograft.
4. None of the above.

Q. Plants obtained through tissues culture are genetically identical and they are obtained by somatic cells. What do you call them?

1. Somaclones
2. Somatic hybrids
3. Cross hybrids
4. Monoclones

Q. Match the following
$\begin{array}{cc}ColumnI& ColumnII\\ A.Micropropagation& 1.Plantsproducedthroughprotoplastfusion\\ B.Somaclones& 2.Productionofplantsthroughtissuecluture\\ C.Somatichybrids& 3.Fusionofisolatedprotoplasts\\ D.Somatichybridisation& 4.Plantsidenticaltooriginalplants\end{array}$

1. A - 2, B - 4, C - 3, D - 1
2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
3. A -1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4
4. A - 2, B - 4, C -1, D - 3

Q. The new plants produced by somatic hybridisation are called clones.

1. True
2. False

Q. Somatic hybridization is achieved through

1. protoplast fusion
2. rDNA technology
3. grafting
4. conjugation

Q. Which breeding method uses a chemical to strip the cell wall of plant cells of two sexually incompatible species?

1. Mass selection
2. Protoplast fusion
3. Transformation
4. Hybridisation

Q. The final stage in the tissue culture programme before the new plants are taken out for cultivation in the fields is known as :

1. Caulogenesis
2. Hardening
3. Embryogenesis
4. Micropropagation