Theories of Evolution

Q. Which of the following is the correct option?

1. De Vries believed that evolution is caused by mutation while Darwin believed that evolution is not caused by minor inheritable variations
2. According to de Vries, mutations are not random while according to Darwin, random mutations lead to evolution
3. Mutations are directional as per deVries but variations are directionless according to Darwin
4. Saltation causes evolution as per deVries while evolution is gradual according to Darwin

Q. What is the saltation?

1. Gradual large mutation
2. Single step small mutation
3. Gradual small mutation
4. Single step large mutation

Q.

The presence of gill slits in the embryos of all vertebrates supports the theory of

1. Metamorphosis

2. Recapitulation

3. Biogenesis

4. Organic evolution

Q. Assertion: Chemoheterotrophs were the earliest organisms that appeared on earth and were presumably anaerobes.

Reason: Chemoheterotrophs utilised carbon dioxide from their surrounding to form their own organic compounds.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Q. The black-coloured peppered moth form became dominant over the light-coloured form of moth in England during industrial revolution. This is an example of

1. appearance of the darker-coloured individuals due to very poor sunlight
2. natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected
3. inheritance of darker colour character acquired due to the darker environment
4. all the above

Q. According to Hugo de Vries, prominent features of mutation theory are as follows, except
I. All mutations are inheritable
II. Mutation appears randomly and all of a sudden
III. Mutations or discontinuous variations are the raw material of evolution
IV. Mutations appear in specific and predetermined directions

1. I and IV
2. II only
3. II and III
4. IV only

Q. One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is

1. Random creation of new species.
2. Speciation through reproductive isolation
3. No change in the isolated fauna
4. Preventing speciation

Q. How do we explain this enormous diversification of insects?

Q. The change of the lighter-coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston cabonaria) is due to

1. mutation
2. regeneration
3. genetic isolation
4. temporal isolation

Q. What do you understand by evolution ?

Q. Explain the term geographical isolation.

Q. Mutation can be considered essential for evolution because it

1. Brings balance in environment
2. Stops struggle for existence
3. Produces new variations
4. Causes recombination

Q. Evolution is a fast process. It can be observed in a single generation.

1. True
2. False

Q.
Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life:
(i) The first organisms that appeared on earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes.
(ii) The first autotrophic organisms were chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen.
Which of the following options are correct regarding the above statements?

1. (i) is correct but (ii) is false

2. (i) is false but (ii) is correct

3. Both (i) and (ii) are correct

4. Both (i) and (ii) are false

Q. The term factor for gene was coined by

1. William Baterson
2. Johann Mendel
3. Johannsen
4. F. Griffith

Q. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?

Q. Assertion :The first living organisms were heterotrophs. Reason: They were surrounded by performed organic molecules which they used as food.

1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion
3. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect
4. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

Q. Which is the most important factor for evolution of new species?

1. Geographic isolation
2. Extensive in-breeding
3. Extensive out-breeding
4. None of the above

Q. The different forms of interbreeding species that live in different geographical regions are called

1. Sibling species
2. Sympatric species
3. Allopatric species
4. Polytypic species

Q. Geographic and reproductive isolations are most closely associated with

1. 
   speciation
2. 
   extinction
3. 
   succession
4. 
   competition

Q. Populations are said to be allopatric when

1. They are physically isolated by natural barriers
2. They are sharing the same area but cannot interbreed
3. They live together and breed freely to produce viable offspring
4. They are isolated but often come together for breeding

Q. Acoording to the germplasm theory of inheritance, environmental factors affect only .

1. germ cells
2. somatic cells
3. gametes
4. stem cells

Q. ________ is a vestigial organ in human beings that is still functional in the herbivorous mammals.

1. Limb
2. Vermiform appendix
3. Liver
4. Eardrum

Q. The first genetic material was most likely

1. A DNA oligonucleotide
2. A DNA polymer
3. A protein
4. An RNA polymer

Q. Allopatric speciation occurs in

1. A segment of same population
2. Break down of reproductive isolation between two species
3. Geographically isolated population
4. Coming together of two isolated populations

Q. Organic evolution is change in

1. Major portion of population
2. Single individual
3. A few members of population
4. Entire population

Q. Sympatric speciation develops reproductive isolation without

1. Geographic barrier
2. Genetic change
3. Barrier to gene flow
4. Barrier to mating

Q. Isolation of individual due to their inability to cover long distance is called

1. Geographical isolation
2. Spatial isolation
3. Seasonal isolation
4. Temporal isolation

Q.

how does dominance play a role in evolution?

Q.

Darwinism is a theory about origin of life.

1. False

2. True