Disorders of the Excretory System

Q. Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in:
(a) Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body
(b) Non-elimination of excess potassium ions
(c) Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract
(d) Reduced RBC production

Which of the following options is the most appropriate?

1. (a) and (d) are correct
2. (a) and (b) are correct
3. (b) and (c) are correct
4. (c) and (d) are correct

Q.

Accumulation of urea in blood is called

1. hematuria

2. pyuria

3. uremia

4. ketonuria

Q. Attack of the immune system on _________ causes _______.

1. transplanted kidney; graft rejection
2. glomerulus; glomerulonephritis
3. kidney; renal calculi
4. Both a and b

Q. is a stone or insoluble mass of crystallised salts formed within the kidney.

1. Renal calculus
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. Uremia
4. Renal failure

Q. Which of the following is correct with reference to hemodialysis?

1. It is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood.
2. It is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people.
3. The dialysis machine is made up of a series of membranes that act as filters and a special liquid called dialysate.
4. All of the above

Q.

What is the first sign of kidney problems?

Q. Deposition of insoluble crystallised salts within kidney is

1. renal failure
2. renal tubule
3. renal transplant
4. renal calculi

Q.

What are the symptoms of Brights disease?

Q.

When blood sugar is high what are the symptoms?

Q.

Is drinking alcohol bad for kidney disease?

Q.

How do I know if I have a problem with my kidney?

Q. Dialysing fluid has composition same as

1. water
2. plasma
3. blood
4. plasma without nitrogenous waste

Q. What is glycosuria?

1. Low amount of sugar in urine
2. Low amount of fat in urine
3. Average amount of carbohydrate in urine
4. High amount of sugar in urine

Q. Assertion: Nitrogenous wastes move from blood to dialysis fluid
Reason: Anti-coagulant like heparin is added to drained blood before dialysis

1. Both assertion and reason are true and reason correctly explains assertion
2. Both assertion and reason are true but reason does not correctly explain assertion
3. Assertion is true but reason is false
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Q.

Which of the following is not true about dialysis?

1. The dialysis machine draws blood from the renal artery

2. Heparin is added to prevent coagulation

3. Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood of the patient.

4. Dialysis is a permanent solution to kidney failure.

Q.

This section contains 1 Assertion-Reason type question, which has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

इस खण्ड में 1 कथन-कारण प्रकार का प्रश्न है, जिसमें 4 विकल्प (a), (b), (c) तथा (d) दिये गये हैं, जिनमें से केवल एक सही है।

A : Hypotension causes the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) from the atria of the heart.

A : अल्प तनाव के कारण हृदय के अलिंद से अलिंदीय नेट्रियूरेटिक कारक (ANF) का मोचन होता है।

R : ANF causes the blood vessels to dilate.

R : ANF के कारण रक्त वाहिनियाँ फैल जाती हैं।

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
   
   (A) तथा (R) दोनों सही हैं तथा (R), (A) का सही स्पष्टीकरण है
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
   
   (A) तथा (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन (R), (A) का सही स्पष्टीकरण नहीं है
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
   
   (A) सही है लेकिन (R) गलत है
4. (A) is false but (R) is true
   
   (A) गलत है लेकिन (R) सही है

Q. Removal of amino groups from amino acids and nitrogenous bases is called

1. deamination
2. ammonification
3. nitrification
4. denitrification

Q. Malfunctioning of kidneys can lead to accumulation of urea in blood, a condition called .

1. uremia
2. dialysis
3. hemodialysis
4. uricotellism

Q. Failure to metabolise tyrosine and phenylalanine results in

1. dysuria
2. pyuria
3. alkaptonuria
4. hematuria

Q. Movement of urea from blood to dialysing fluid occurs due to

1. temperature difference
2. concentration gradient
3. both a and b
4. none of the above

Q. Statement I: Uremia is the condition where urea is accumulated in blood
Statement II: During glomerulonephritis, the immune system attacks glomeruli of kidneys

1. Both the statements are true, and statement II is the reason for statement I
2. Both the statements are true, and statement II is the not the reason for statement I
3. Statement I is true while statement II is false
4. Statement I is false while statement II is true

Q.

How do you know if you are dying from kidney failure?

Q.

Presence of blood in urine indicates_____

1. glycosuria

2. oliguria

3. hematuria

4. ketonuria

Q. Anyone with a pair of healthy kidneys can donate one kidney because

1. kidney is not vital organ
2. humans can survive with one kidney
3. kidney is vestigial organ
4. both b and c

Q. Urine glucose level beyond _______ indicates glycosuria.

1. 0.05 mg/mL
2. 0.25 mg/mL
3. 0.5 mg/mL
4. none of the above

Q.

Match the following disorders of urinary system:

Disorder	Description
A. Kidney failure	I. Inflammatory condition of the glomeruli
B. Renal calculi	II. Uremia
C.Glomerulonephritis	III. Stones made of insoluble substances, crystallized salts made of oxalate

1. A-III, B-I, C-II
2. A-II, B-I, C-III
3. A-II, B-III, C-I
4. A-III, B-II, C-I

Q. Deposition of insoluble crystallised salts within kidney is

1. renal failure
2. renal tubule
3. renal transplant
4. renal calculi

Q. Match the following with their appropriate explanation
$\begin{array}{cc}\text{1. Ketonuria}& \text{i) blood in urine}\\ \text{2. Hematuria}& \text{ii) presence of excess glucose in urine}\\ \text{3. Glycosuria}& \text{iii) discomfort while urinating}\\ \text{4. Dysuria}& \text{iv) ketone bodies in urine}\end{array}$

1. 1 - ii; 2 - i; 3 - iv; 4 - iii
2. 1 - iv; 2 - i; 3 - ii; 4 - iii
3. 1 - iii; 2 - ii; 3 - iv; 4 - i
4. 1 - iv; 2 - iii; 3 - ii; 4 - i

Q.

Inflammation of joints due to accumulation of uric acid crystals causes______

1. gout

2. myasthenia gravis

3. osteoporosis

4. osteomalacia

Q.

This section contains 1 Assertion-Reason type question, which has 4 choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.

इस खण्ड में 1 कथन-कारण प्रकार का प्रश्न है, जिसमें 4 विकल्प (a), (b), (c) तथा (d) दिये गये हैं, जिनमें से केवल एक सही है।

A : DCT and CD, parts of nephron are responsible for conditional reabsorption of water.

A : विशिष्ट परिस्थितियों में जल के पुनरावशोषण के लिए वृक्काणु के भाग DCT तथा CD उत्तरदायी होते हैं।

R : Juxtamedullary nephron plays a vital role in maintaining high osmolarity of medullary interstitium.

R : सान्निध्य मध्यांश वृक्काणु मध्यांशी अंतराकाश की उच्च परासरणता को बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है।

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
   
   (A) तथा (R) दोनों सही हैं तथा (R), (A) का सही स्पष्टीकरण है
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
   
   (A) तथा (R) दोनों सही हैं लेकिन (R), (A) का सही स्पष्टीकरण नहीं है
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
   
   (A) सही है लेकिन (R) गलत है
4. (A) is false but (R) is true
   
   (A) गलत है लेकिन (R) सही है