Mechanism of Breathing

Q.

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?

1. Glottis

2. Alveoli

3. Pharynx

4. Bronchioles

Q. By the contraction in which of the following muscle, the volume of thoracic chamber increases in the antero-posterior axis?

1. Diaphragm muscles
2. Abdominal muscles
3. Diaphragm muscles and EICM
4. External inter-coastal muscles

Q.

Complete the following statement using the choices below.

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is

1. Less than the pressure in the atmosphere

2. Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

3. Equal to the pressure in the atmosphere

4. Greater than the intra-alveolar pressure

Q. In thoracic breathing primarily the _________________ is/are used whereas in abdominal breathing the ____________________ is/are used

1. external intercostal muscles, diaphragm
2. diaphragm, external intercostal muscles
3. diaphragm, diaphragm
4. internal intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles

Q. Which of the following conditions is/are favorable for oxyhaemoglobin formation in alveoli?
i) High partial pressure of oxygen, low partial pressure of carbon dioxide
ii) Low partial pressure of oxygen, high partial pressure of carbon dioxide
iii) Low pH, low temperature
iv) High pH, high temperature

1. Only i is correct
2. Both i and ii are correct
3. Both i and iii are correct
4. Both iii and iv are correct

Q. Thoracic breathing takes place during
i) emergency situation
ii) vigorous exercise
iii) rest and sleep

1. Only i is correct
2. Only ii is correct
3. i and ii are correct
4. ii and iii are correct

Q.

What happens during normal expiration ?

1. Diaphragm contraction

2. Abdominal muscles contraction

3. Internal intercostal muscles relaxation

4. Increase in volume of the thoracic cavity

Q. Diaphragm contracts during inhalation to decrease volume of antero-posterior axis.

1. False
2. True

Q. Arrange the following parts of the human respiratory tract in the same order in which air flows during expiration:
Nasal chamber, pharynx, larynx, internal nares, trachea, lungs

1. Nasal chamber -> internal nares -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> lungs
2. Nasal chamber -> pharynx -> internal nares -> larynx -> trachea -> lungs
3. Lungs -> trachea -> larynx -> internal nares -> pharynx -> nasal chamber
4. Lungs -> trachea -> larynx -> pharynx -> internal nares -> nasal chamber

Q. In thoracic breathing primarily the _________________ is/are used whereas in abdominal breathing the ____________________ is/are used

1. external intercostal muscles, diaphragm
2. diaphragm, external intercostal muscles
3. diaphragm, diaphragm
4. internal intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles

Q.

Regarding assertion and reason, choose the correct option_______.
Assertion [A]: Cold air causes vasodilation of blood vessels in the nasal cavity.

Reason [R]: Oxygen can be absorbed by widened blood vessels.

1. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is False.

2. Reason [R] is True and Assertion [A] is False.

3. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True and is a correct explanation to [A].

4. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True but is not a correct explanation to [A].

Q. The rich supply of blood vessels in the nose warms the air that enters it.

1. True
2. False

Q. Choose the components that make up the respiratory membrane
I. Type I cells of alveolar epithelium
II. Type II cells of alveolar epithelium
III. Basement membrane
IV. Lumen of blood capillaries
V. Endothelial cells of blood capillaries

1. I, III , V
2. I, II, IV
3. II, III, IV
4. II, IV, V

Q.

What causes the movement of air in and out of the lungs?

1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens

2. Inhalation & Exhalation

3. Difference in pressure

4. External intercostal muscles contract and internal intercostal muscles relax

Q. Which of the following muscles contract during heavy breathing during strenuous exercise?

1. External intercostal muscles and diaphragm
2. Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm
3. Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
4. Diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Q.

Ribs are elevated when muscles between ribs are________

1. relaxed

2. contracted

3. dilated

4. dilated

Q. Which of the following condition is required for inspiration?

1. Intrapulmonary pressure > atmospheric pressure
2. Intrapulmonary pressure < atmospheric pressure
3. Intrapulmonary pressure = atmospheric pressure
4. Both A and C

Q. Overstretching of lungs can be prevented by:

1. Bohr’s effect
2. Haldane’s effect
3. Herring-Breuer reflex
4. None of the above

Q. Abdominal breathing takes place mostly with the help of the ____________________ .

1. external intercostal muscles
2. internal intercostal muscles
3. diaphragm
4. sternocleidomastoid

Q.

Regarding the assertion and reason; choose the correct option_______

Assertion [A]: The space in your chest cavity increases, into which your lungs expand.

Reason [R]: When the diaphragm tightens and moves downwards, inhalation of air occurs.

1. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is False

2. Reason [R] is True and Assertion [A] is False

3. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True and is a correct explanation to [A]

4. Assertion [A] is True and Reason [R] is True but is not a correct explanation to [A]

Q.

Chest movements are inconspicuous during

1. Normal breathing

2. Thoracic breathing

3. Abdominal breathing

4. Both(A) and (B)

Q.

Mark the correct pair of muscles involved in the normal breathing in humans during expiration.

1. External and internal intercostal muscles

2. Diaphragm and abdominal muscles

3. Sternum and internal intercostal muscles

4. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles