Question

A, B, C, and D are the basic parts of all the cells. Part A contains a thread-like structure called E which transfers the characteristics from parents to their offspring. Part B uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy whereas part C controls the movement of substances ‘into the cell’ and ‘out of the cell’. Part D is a transparent, jelly-like material. What could A, B, C, D, and E be?

Answer 1

Cell:

Cells are considered as structural and functional unit of living forms.

Part A-Nucleus:

1. Nucleus is a large and spherical cell organelle found in all cells except red blood cells.
2. It controls all the activities of the cell.
3. In animal cell, nucleus is placed in centre while in plant cells, nucleus is located in periphery.

Part E- Chromatin fibres:

1. Chromatin fibres are thread-like structures present in the nucleoplasm of nucleus.
2. During cell division, chromatin fibre will become chromosome.
3. Chromosomes contain genes which transfer the characteristics from parent to offspring.

Part B- Mitochondria:

1. Mitochondria is rod-shaped or spherical structure found in all cells.
2. Mitochondria provides energy for all cell activities and hence they are called the powerhouse of cell.
3. The energy is produced by the process called respiration and thus mitochondria use glucose and oxygen to produce energy.

Part C- Cell membrane:

1. Cell cytoplasm is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer called cell membrane.
2. Proteins are found embedded in the cell membrane.
   Cell membrane is important because it controls the movement of substances across it.

Part D- Cytoplasm:

1. Cytoplasm is the jelly-like and semi-fluid structure present in the space between the cell membrane and nucleus.
2. Cytoplasm provides turgidity to the cell.
3. It also serves as a site of many metabolic reactions.