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Question

A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 white balls. A ball is drawn from the bag at random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) white
(ii) red
(iii) not black
(iv) red or white

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Solution

Number of red balls = 4Number of black balls = 5Number of white balls = 6Total number of balls in the bag = 4 + 5 + 6 = 15Therefore, the total number of cases is 15.(i)Let A denote the event of getting a white ball.Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of white balls = 6PA =Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes=615=25(ii)Let B denote the event of getting a red ball.Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of red balls = 4PB =Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes=415(iii)Let C denote the event of getting a black ball.Number of favourable outcomes, i.e. number of black balls = 5PC =Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes=515=13Therefore, the probabilty of not getting a black ball is as follows:PC¯ = 1 - PC = 1 - 13 = 23(iv)Let D denote the event of getting a red or a white ball.PD =Number of favourable outcomesTotal number of outcomes=4 + 615=1015=25

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