A baker found that the cake prepared by him is hard and small in size. Which ingredient has heforgotten to add that would have made the cake fluffy? Give reason.

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Solution

Baking powder is the ingredient missing.

The baking powder used for baking cake consists of sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO₃) and small amount of tartaric acid[COOH-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH]. The baking powder will give soft and spongy texture to the cake but also give bitter taste. The tartaric acid neutralises the bitterness produced by baking powder.
NaHCO₃ + H⁺(from tartaric acid)------->Na⁺+ CO₂+ H₂O
The carbon-dioxide produced allows the cake to rise and makes it soft and spongy.

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