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Question

A battery of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a resistance R. Resistance R can be adjusted to any value greater than or equal to zero. A graph is plotted between the current (i) passing through the resistance and potential difference (V) across it. Select the correct alternative(s).
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A
internal resistance of battery is 5 Ω
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B
emf of the battery is 20V
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C
maximum current which can be taken from the battery is 4A
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D
Vi graph can never be straight line as shown in the figure
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Solution

The correct option is A internal resistance of battery is 5 Ω
Some devices having negative resistance show the inverse variation between voltage and current as shown in given figure(in problem).
The terminal voltage of the battery is given by
V=EIr.............................................................(1)
where, r is the internal resistance of battery.
when I=0,V=E. Hence, E=10V.
Now, from graph, if V=5V, I=1A, therefore
5=10(1)r...................................................from(1)
r=5Ω
The
maximum current which can be taken from the battery is
I=Er=105=2A

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