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Standard XII
Biology
Osmosis
A candidate i...
Question

A candidate in order to study the process of osmosis has taken 3 potato cubes and put them in 3 different beakers containing 3 different solutions. After 24 hours, in the first beaker the potato cube increased in size, in the second beaker the potato cube decreased in size and in the third beaker there was no change in the size of the potato cube. The following diagram shows the result of the same experiment:
Give the technical terms of the solutions used in beakers, 1. 2 and 3.
843820_d70e3383f6e948dabf9fe9af7d6ff463.png

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Solution

The technical terms for the solution in the beaker are
1. Hypotonic (the potato cube increased in size, concentration of solutes more in the cell than in the solution.)
2. Hypertonic (the potato cube decreased in size, concentration of solutes more in the solution than in the cells)
3. Isotonic (the size of the potato cube remained unchanged, the solute concentration is same in the cells as well as the solution)

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Q.

A candidate in order to study the process of osmosis has taken 3 potato cubes and put them in 3 different beakers containing 3 different solutions. After 24 hours, in the first beaker the potato cube increased in size, in the second beaker the potato cube decreased in size and in the third beaker there was no change in the size of the potato cube. The following diagram shows the result of the same experiment.

(a) Give the technical terms of the solutions used in beakers,1,2 and 3.

(b) In beaker 3 the size of the potato cube remains the same. Explain the reason in brief.

(c) Write the specific feature of the cell sap of root hairs which helps in the absorption of water.

(d) What is osmosis?

(e) How do a cell wall and a cell membrane differ in their permeability?

Q.

Two potato cubes each 1 cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A & B), the container (A) having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had somewhat decreased in size. Use the above information to answer the questions that follow:

(a) Account for the firmness and increase in the size of the potato cubes placed in water.

(b) Accounts for the softness and decrease in the size of the potato cubes which were placed in sugar solution.

(c) Name and define the physical process being investigated in this experiment.

Q. Two potato cubes each 1cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A & B), the container (A) having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had some what decreased in size.
Account for the firmness and increase in the size of the potato cubes placed in water.
Q. Two potato cubes each 1cm3 in size, were placed separately in two containers (A & B), the container (A) having water and the other (B) containing concentrated sugar solution. After 24 hours when the cubes were examined, those placed in water were found to be firm and had increased slightly in size and those placed in concentrated sugar solution were found to be soft and had some what decreased in size.
Account for the softness and decrease in the size of the potato cubes which were placed in sugar solution.
Q. Peeled potatoes were cut into two sizes of cubes –1 cm3(1 cm×1 cm×1 cm) and 27 cm3(3 cm×3 cm×3 cm) and weighed. Then, 27 of the 1 cm3 cubes were placed in one beaker of distilled water, and one 27 cm3 cube was placed in another beaker. One hour later the cubes were removed and their surfaces carefully dried. They were then reweighed. The conclusions drawn from the experiment are as follows:
(i) The 27 small cubes were used as they have the same total volume and surface area as the large cube.
(ii) The lower water potential of the potato compared to the surrounding solution results in the mass increase of the potato.
(iii) The difference in percentage increase in mass of the large and small cubes is due to the larger volume of the large cube as compared with one of the individual small cubes.
(iv) If the potatoes were left in the water long enough for the system to reach equilibrium the large cube would display percentage increase in mass equal to that of the small cubes.
Which of the following statement (s) is (are) correct?
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