A compound $X$ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at $443 K$ given a saturated compound $Y$ . $X$ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas $Z$ . Identify $X, Y$ and $Z$ . Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of $Y$ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.

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Solution

Compound $X$ is ethanol
Compound $Y$ is ethene
Compound $Z$ is hydrogen gas.
$C_{2} H_{5} O H s u l p h u r i c a c i d - ------- \to C_{2} H_{4} + H_{2} O$
Hot concentrated sulphuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent. It reacts with ethanol to give ethene by removing water.
$C_{2} H_{5} O H + N a \to C_{2} H_{5} O N a + H_{2}$

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