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Ethanoic Acid or Acetic Acid

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Question

A compound $X$ on heating with excess conc. sulphuric acid at $443 K$ gives an unsaturated compound $Y$ . $X$ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas $Z$ . Identify $X, Y$ and $Z$ . Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of $Y$ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the reaction

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Solution

$X 443 K, c o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ----------- \to Y$ ( unsaturated compound)

$Z$ is hydrogen (Colourless gas)

$X, Y$ and $Z$ are alcohol, alkene and hydrogen respectively.

Suppose $X$ is ethanol, it gives alkene on reacting with conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$

$C_{2} H_{5} O H (X) 443 K c o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ---------- \to C_{2} H_{4} (Y)$

$2 C_{2} H_{5} O H \to N a_{2} C_{2} H_{5} O - N a^{+} + H_{2} (Z)$

Role of sulphuric acid: It is used as a dehydrating agent in the above reaction.

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