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Question

A cross between a tall pea plant and dwarf pea plant resulted tall progenies in F1 generation, because

A
Tallness is a recessive trait.
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B
Dwarfness is a dominant trait.
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C
Tallness is a dominant trait.
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D
Neither 'T' or 't' governs stem height.
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Solution

The correct option is C Tallness is a dominant trait.
A cross between two pure breeding tall (TT) and dwarf (tt) parent plants produce uniform F1 generation of dominant individuals (Tt).
According to the law of dominance, a trait is represented by two contrasting factors of a gene in a heterozygous individual; the allele/factor that can express itself in a heterozygous individual is called as a dominant trait. Another factor whose effect is masked by the presence of a dominant factor is called a recessive factor. The recessive factor, t, is present in F1 hybrids but its expression is masked by the factor for a dominant trait, T.
Thus, all progeny exhibit tallness. If tallness was a recessive trait, it would not have been expressed in heterozygous progeny (Tt). If dwarfism was a dominant trait, the heterozygous progeny (Tt) would have expressed it and was dwarf.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

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