A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.
(b) Name (i) bony cage Q, and (ii) membranes R.

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Solution

(i) Spinal cord is protected from injury as it is surrounded by vertebral column.

(ii) Spinal cord inside the vertebral is protected by the membranes called meninges.

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Q. A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.
(a) Name the structure P.
(b) Name (i) bony cage Q, and (ii) membranes R.
(c) How much is x?
(d) Name the organs S.
(e) What are the reflexes involving structure P only known as?

Q. The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body is protected by a bony box B and it is surrounded by three membranes C. The space between the membranes is filled with a liquid D which protects the organ A from mechanical shocks. The organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system.
(a) What is organ A?
(b) What are (i) B, (ii) C and (iii) D?
(c) Name the organ E.
(d) While walking barefoot, if we happen to step on a sharp piece of stone, we immediately lift our foot up. Which of the two organs: A or E, is directly involved in this action?
(e) If we step out from a darkened room into bright sunshine, we close our eyes for a moment. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action?

The organ A which is located inside the skull of our body is protected by a bony box B and it is surrounded by three membranes C. The space between the membranes is filled with a liquid D which protects the organ A from mechanical shocks. The organ A in combination with another organ E makes up the central nervous system.

(a) What is organ A ?

(b) What are (i) B (ii) C, and (iii) D ?

(d) While walking barefooted, if we happen to step on a sharp piece of stone, we immediately lift our foot up. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action ?

(e) If we step out from a darkened room into bright sunshine, we close our eyes for a moment. Which of the two organs, A or E, is directly involved in this action ?

Q. A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.
(e) What are the reflexes involving structure P only known as?

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(i) Spinal cord is protected from injury as it is surrounded by vertebral column. (ii) Spinal cord inside the vertebral is protected by the membranes called meninges.

(i) Spinal cord is protected from injury as it is surrounded by vertebral column.

(ii) Spinal cord inside the vertebral is protected by the membranes called meninges.