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Homologous Series

a Define a ho...

Question

(a) Define a homologous series. Give the name and structural formula of one homologue of the following :
$C H_{3} O H$
(b) Write the molecular formula of the third member of the homologous series of carbon compounds with general formula $C_{n} H_{2 n + 1} O H .$
(c) Name any two fossil fuels.

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Solution

(a) Homologous series: A series of organic compounds having similar structures and chemical properties and in which the successive compounds differ by $- C H_{2}$ group is called a homologous series. A homologue of $C H_{3} O H$ will differ by the $- C H_{2}$ group; therefore, methanol's successive homologue will be ethanol $(C_{2} H_{5} O H)$ .
The structural formula of ethanol is as follows:

(b) The molecular formula of the third member of the homologous series, comprising the general formula $C_{n} H_{2 n + 1} O H$ , is $C_{3} H_{7} O H$ (propanol).

(c) Coal and petroleum are the two fossil fuels

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Q. (a) Give the general name of the class of compounds having the general formula C_nH_2n₋₂. Write name of the first member of this homologous series.
(b) The general formula of a homologous series of carbon compounds if C_nH_2n. Write the molecular formulae of the second and fourth members of the series.
(c) Write the molecular formulae of the third and fifth members of homologous series of carbon compounds represented by the general formula C_nH_2n₊₂

C_{n} H_{2 n + 2}

is the general formula of a homologous series of hydrocarbons.
i) Is this series saturated or unsaturated?
ii) Name the series described above. Give the formula and name of the member with two carbon atoms.
iii) Draw the structural formula of the first member of this series.
iv) Define the homologous series and find the common difference between the successive members of this family.
v) Write the formula of n-butane and n-pentane.

Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general formula C_nH_2n.

Q. An homologue of homologous series with general formula

C_{n} H_{2 n}

Q. Write the molecular formulae of the third and fifth members of homologous series represented by the general formula C_nH_2n₋₂.

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