(a)
The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance and each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load. When a point of the transformer is positive with respect to another point, diode conducts in the forward direction.
When a point of the transformer is positive with respect to another point, then diode conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor is in the same direction for both half-cycles. As the output voltage across the resistor is the phasor sum of the two wave forms combined, this type of full wave rectifier circuit is also known as a bi-phase circuit.
(b)
(i) OR gate - gives an output of zero when both inputs are zero, else output is 1.
(ii) NAND gate - gives an output of 0 when both inputs are 1, else gives an output of 1.