a. Explain carbonyl amine reaction with the equation.
b. How does nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline? Give equation.
c. Write the IUPAC name of $C_{6} H_{5} - N (C H_{3})_{2}$ .

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Solution

a. Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform and ethanolic potassium hydroxide form foul smelling alkyl isocyanides or carbylamines. This reaction is not given by secondary and tertiary amines.
$R - N H_{2} + C H C l_{3} + 3 K O H \to R - N C + 3 K C l + 3 H_{2} O$
b. Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline by passing hydrogen gas in the presence of finely divided nickel, palladium or platinum. One can also use tin and conc. HCl. (ref. image)
c. The IUPAC name of $C_{6} H_{5} - N (C H_{3})_{2}$ is N, N dimethylaniline. The parent compound is aniline ( $C_{6} H_{5} - N H_{2}$ ) with two methyl substituents on N atom. The prefix 'di' indicates two. The prefix N,N indicates that both methyl substituents are present on N atom.

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