Question

(a) Explain Oatwald's dilution law?
(b) Mention the IUPAC conventions for writing cell diagram?

Answer 1

(a) Explain Ostwald's dilution law
For weak acids, the degree of dissociation $\alpha =\sqrt{K_{a}V}=\sqrt{\frac{K_a}{C}}$
C is concentration and V is the volume of solution.
The degree of dissociation of a weak acid is inversely proportional to the square root of its concentration or directly proportional to the square root of the volume of solution.
For weak bases, the degree of dissociation $\alpha =\sqrt{K_{b}V}=\sqrt{\frac{K_b}{C}}$
C is concentration and V is the volume of solution.
The degree of dissociation of a weak bases is inversely proportional to the square root of its concentration or directly proportional to the square root of the volume of solution.
(b) The IUPAC conventions for writing cell diagram
(1) The electrodes are placed at the ends of the cell formula. The anode (-) is written at left and cathode (+) is written at right.
(2) Gases / insoluble substances are placed in the interior positions, next to electrodes.
(3) Aqueous ionic solutions are placed in the middle.
(4) A single vertical line represents phase boundary.
(5) A double vertical line represents connection with salt bridge.
(6) Concentration of ions and pressure of gas is given.
(7) A comma separates the ions of same phase.
Thus, following notation represents a cell.
$Mg\left(s\right)|M{g}^{2+}\left(1M\right)||C{u}^{2+}\left(1M\right)|Cu$