(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) Monohybrid Cross
(ii) Gene
(iii) Phenotype
(iv) Y-linked inheritance
(b) State Mendel's law of segregation.
(i) Monohybrid Cross
(ii) Gene
(iii) Phenotype
(iv) Y-linked inheritance
(b) State Mendel's law of segregation.
(a)
(i) Monohybrid Cross is a cross between two parents having a pair of contrasting alleles of a single character for example a cross between a tall & a dwarf parent.
(ii) A gene is defined as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Genes are functional units of heredity as they are made of DNA. The chromosome is made of DNA containing many genes. Every gene comprises of the particular set of instructions for a particular function or protein-coding. Speaking in usual terms, genes are responsible for heredity.
(iii) The phenotype can be defined as the set of physical characteristics of an organism, including hair colour, body weight, eye colour, the shape of the body, and height, are determined by an individual's outcome of the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
(iv) Y-linked inheritance is a form of inheritance for the genes located on the Y chromosome. In humans and other mammalian males, the sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosome. The y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and thus, carries relatively fewer genes.
(b) The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. In other words, allele (alternative form of the gene) pairs segregate during the formation of gamete and re-unite randomly during fertilization.
(i) Monohybrid Cross is a cross between two parents having a pair of contrasting alleles of a single character for example a cross between a tall & a dwarf parent.
(ii) A gene is defined as the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.
Genes are functional units of heredity as they are made of DNA. The chromosome is made of DNA containing many genes. Every gene comprises of the particular set of instructions for a particular function or protein-coding. Speaking in usual terms, genes are responsible for heredity.
(iii) The phenotype can be defined as the set of physical characteristics of an organism, including hair colour, body weight, eye colour, the shape of the body, and height, are determined by an individual's outcome of the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
(iv) Y-linked inheritance is a form of inheritance for the genes located on the Y chromosome. In humans and other mammalian males, the sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosome. The y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome and thus, carries relatively fewer genes.
(b) The law of segregation states that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. In other words, allele (alternative form of the gene) pairs segregate during the formation of gamete and re-unite randomly during fertilization.
