(a) Explain with example
(i) Saturated hydrocarbon
(ii) Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
(b) Write two characteristics of carbon atom.
(c) What is substitution reaction?

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Solution

i) Saturated hydrocarbon : No double or triple bond. Example: Ethane, Methane, etc.
ii) $C H_{2} = C H_{2} H_{2} / N i - --- \to C H_{3} C H_{3}$ (Hydrogenation)
b) Carbon: High tendency for catenation.
Non-metal, insulator(except graphite)
c) Substitution reaction in which leaving group is replaced by incoming nucleophile
$C H_{3} - C H_{2} - C l + N a O H - - \to b o i l C H_{3} - C H_{2} - O H + N a C l$

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(a) Explain with example(i) Saturated hydrocarbon(ii) Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.(b) Write two characteristics of carbon atom.(c) What is substitution reaction?

(a) Explain with example
(i) Saturated hydrocarbon
(ii) Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
(b) Write two characteristics of carbon atom.
(c) What is substitution reaction?