A fruit (mass $= 50 g$ ) falls from a tree because of gravitational attraction between the earth and the fruit. Which of the following statements is true if x is the force exerted by the earth on the fruit and y is the force exerted by the fruit on the earth?

x is much greater than y

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x and y are equal

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y is greater than x

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y is equal to zero

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Solution

The correct option is B x and y are equal
Gravitational force is a mutual attraction between two bodies.
$F = G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}$ where $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ are the masses of the two bodies and r the distance between them.
The body $m_{1}$ attracts the body $m_{2}$ with a force $F$ towards it and vice-versa.
Hence x and y will be equal but acting in opposite directions.

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An apple of mass 100 g falls from a tree because of gravitational attraction between the earth and the apple. If the magnitude of force exerted by the earth on the apple be $F_{1}$ and the magnitude of force exerted by the apple on the earth be $F_{2}$ , then :
(a) $F_{1}$ is very much greater than $F_{2}$
(b) $F_{2}$ is very much greater than $F_{1}$
(c) $F_{1}$ is only a little greater than $F_{2}$
(d) $F_{1}$ and $F_{2}$ are exactly equal