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Properties Determining Metallic and Non-metallic Character

A group of el...

Question

A group of elements in the periodic table are given below.
(Boron is the first member of the group and Thallium is the last)
Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium
Answer the following questions in relation to the above group of elements :
(b) Which element would be expected to have the highest electronegativity?

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Solution

Electronegativity increases as the atomic size decreases and effective nuclear charge increases.

Boron is the smallest in size and has a higher effective nuclear charge. Therefore, it has the highest electronegativity.

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Q. A group of elements in the periodic table is given below (Boron is the first member of the group and thallium is the last.)
Boron
Aluminium
Gallium
Indium
Thallium
Answer the following questions in relation to the above group of elements:
(a) Which element has the most metallic character?
(b) Which element would be expected to have the highest electronegativity?
(c) If the electronic configuration of aluminium is 2, 8, 3, how many electrons will be there in the outermost shell of thallium?
(d) The atomic number of boron is 5. Write the chemical formula of the compound formed when boron reacts with chlorine.
(e) Will the elements in the group to the right of this boron group be more metallic or less metallic in character? Justify your answer.

Q. The electronegativities (according to Pauling) of the elements in period 3 of the periodic table are as follows. The elements are arranged in alphabetical order:

Al	Cl	Mg	Na	P	S	Si
1.5	3.0	1.2	0.9	2.1	2.5	1.8

(i) Arrange the elements in the order in which they occur in the periodic table from left to right. (The group 1 elements first, followed by the group 2 element and so on, up to group 7.)
(ii) Choose the word or phrase from the brackets which correctly completes each of the following statements:
(a) The element below sodium in the same group would be expected to have a _________ (lower/higher) electronegativity than sodium and the element above chlorine which would be expected to have a ________ (lower/higher) ionization potential than chlorine.
(b) On moving from left to right in a given period, the number of shells _________ (remains the same/increases/decreases).
(c) On moving down a group, the number of valence electrons __________ (remains the same/increases/decreases).

Consider the following elements :

$_{20} C a,_{8} O,_{18} A r,_{16} S,_{4} B e,_{2} H e$

Which of the above elements would you expect to be :

(i) very stable? (ii) in group 2 of the periodic table?

(iii) in group 16 of the periodic table ?

Q. (a) What is a group in the periodic table? In which part of a group would you separately expect the elements to have (i) the greatest metallic character (ii) the largest atomic size?
(b) In what respects do the properties of group 1 elements differ from those of group 17 elements? Explain with examples by taking one element from each group.
(c) From the standpoint of atomic structure, what determines which element will be the first and which the last in a period of the periodic table?
(d) Explain why, the properties of elements are repeated after 2, 8, 18 and 32 elements in the periodic table.
(e) What are the advantages of the periodic table?

Q. A group of elements in the periodic table are given below.
(Boron is the first member of the group and Thallium is the last)
Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium
Answer the following questions in relation to the above group of elements :
(a) Which element has the most metallic character ?

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