(a) How is dermal tissue adapted to prevent excessive transpiration in plants?
(b) Why do leaves of lotus plant float on water?

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Solution

(a) Cuticle is a waxy layer present on the cells of the epidermis. It is made up of cutin which is a waxy material. This helps in preventing loss of water in form of water vapour through transpiration.
(b) There are aerenchymal cells in the leaf of the lotus plant. These cells have air spaces. The spaces allow the flow of air between the leaf tissues. The presence of air makes the leaves lighter and they can float on the surface of the water. This type of cells are present in the leaves and floating structures of the aquatic plants.

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Give suitable explanation for the following :

(a) A higher rate of transpiration is recorded on a windy day rather than on a calm day.

(b) Excessive transpiration results in the wilting of the leaves.

(d) More transpiration occurs from the lower surface of a dorsiventral leaf.

(e) Cork and bark of trees help in preventing loss of water.

(f) Perspiration and transpiration help to cool the body temperature of the organism.

(g) On a bright sunny day, the leaves of certain plants roll up.

Write the adaptation in aquatic plants due to which

(a) submerged leaves can bend in the flowing water.

(b) leaves can float on the surface of water.

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