(a) How would you account for the following :

(i) The chemistry of actinoids is more complicated as compared to lanthanoids.

(ii) Transition metals form complex compounds.

(b) Complete the following equation :
$2 M n O_{4}^{-} + 6 H^{+} + 5 S O_{3}^{2 -} \to$

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Solution

(a) (i)Lanthanoids show limited number of oxidation states viz., +2, +3 and +4 (dominant O.S. = +3) due to large energy gap between 4f and 5d subshells. The dominant O.S. of actinoids is also +3 but they also show a number of other oxidation states, e.g., uranium and plutonium show +3, +4, +5, +6 while neptunium shows +3, +4, +5, +7 oxidation states due to small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells. This makes the chemistry of actinoids more complicated.

(ii) It is due to :

(a) comparatively smaller size of transition metal ions.

(b) their high ionic charges.

(c) availability of vacant d-orbitals

$(b) 2 M n O_{4}^{-} + 6 H^{+} + 5 S O_{3}^{2 -} \to 2 M n^{2 +} + 5 S O_{4}^{2 -} + 3 H_{2} O$

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