Question

(a) Human genetic diseases (b) Rh blood group incompatibility (C) Klinefelter's syndrome (d) Albinism (e) Haemophilia (f) Carcinoma

Answer 1

(A) Human genetic disease

A human genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousand or millions.

(B) Rh blood group incompatibility

It occurs when a pregnant woman whose blood type is Rh- is exposed to Rh+ blood from her fetus, leading to mothers development of Rh antibodies. These antibodies have the potential to cross the placenta and attach to fetal red cells resulting in hemolysis, or destruction of the fetus red blood cell. This cause fetus to become anemic, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn.

or during blood transfusion when a Rh${}^{+}$ blood is transfused to a patient who is Rh${}^{-}$

(C) Klinefelter's syndrome

This genetic disorder is caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X-chromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, XXY. Such an individual has overall masculine development, however, the feminine development is also expressed.

(D) Albinism

Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorder that causes the skin, hair or eyes to have little or no color. It is also associated with vision problems.

(E) Haemophilia

This is a sex-linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to this, in an affected individual, a simple cut will result in nonstop bleeding.

(F) Carcinoma

Carcinoma is a most common type of cancer. It begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surface of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis