Question

(a) List any two reasons other than physical and congenital disorders for causing infertility in couples.
(b) Explain how IVF as a technique helped childless couples in having children.
(c) Compare GIFT with ICSI.

Answer 1

(a) Reasons for infertility
(i) Sexually transmitted infections
(ii) Steroid drug abuse

(b) IVF – Fertilization outside the body in test tube is called invitro fertilization. In such a method, ova is collected from female and sperms are collected from male. Both sperm and ovum are fused in stimulated conditions in laboratory to form a zygote. Zygote or embryo upto 8 celled stage are transferred into fallopian tube known as ZIFT whereas embryo more than 8 celled stage are transferred into uterus called IUT.

(c) $\begin{array}{cc}\text{GIFT}& \text{ICSI}\\ \text{1. In vivo fertilization occurs.}& \text{1. In vitro fertilization occurs.}\\ \text{2. Sperms naturally reach upto ovum}& \text{2. Sperms are injected within ovum.}\\ \text{and penetrate with ovum.}& \text{artificially by microneedle.}\\ \text{3. Usually used when female can}& \text{3. Usually used when male partner}\\ \text{provide suitable environment but}& \text{suffers from low production of sperms}\\ \text{cannot produce viable ova.}& \text{or non-motile sperm production.}\end{array}$