Question

A)mention the salient features of kingdom protista (point wise)

B)mention the salient features of kingdom fungi (point wise)

Answer 1

A)Features of Protista:
(a) They are single celled colonial, filamentous eukaryotes.
(b) These grow in humid and moist environments.
© Some are photosynthetic but some are non-photosynthetic.
(d) Some forms are like animals whereas some are live plants.
(e) They have membrane bound cell organelles.
(f) Examples are protozoa, slime moulds, Englenoids, Chrysophytes protistan algae such as diatoms, dinoflagellates or phytoplanktons etc.
(g) The protozoan are unicellular (single celled) heterotrophs. Euglena is autotroph.
(h) Slime moulds are plant like or animal like.Their somatic body is called plasmodium (acellular, multinucleate, mobile mass of protoplasm lacking the cell wall).
The major groups of this kingdom are :
(i) Photosynthetic protist or protistan algae.
(ii) Consumer decomposer protists - Slime moulds.
(iii) Protozoan protists.



B)Kingdom Fungi : The kingdom fungi, includes achlorophyllous, spore producing, multicellular, eukaryotic, organisms.
Salient features:
(a) The body of fungi is filamentous called mycellium. The filaments are known as hyphae.
(b) The hyphae are either multicellular or coenocytic i.e. multinucleate and without cross walls.
© The cell wall contain chitin and non-cellulosic
polysaccharides N-acetyl - glucosamine.
(d) They have two envelop type of cellular organisation.
(e) The are heterotrophic with absorptive type of nutrition. It is either saprobic or parasitic, Saprobic fungi excrete digestive enzymes in the external medium to make complex organic matter soluble for absorption. Parasitic fungi ; absorb nourishment directly from another living organism called host.
(f) Reserve food is glycogen and fat.
(g) Reproduction is both asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction takes place by spores like zoospores, conidia, ascospores and basidiospores. Sexual reproduction involves fusion of similar gametes. In some fungi, the fusion of two haploid (n) cells results in diploid (2n) cell or zygote.
(h) Many fungi act as decomposers and mineralisers and thus, play an important role in nutrient cycling in the biosphere.