A physician wishes to prepare a buffer solution at pH = 4.41 that efficiently resist change in pH yet contains only small concentration of the buffering agents. Which one of the following weak acid together with its sodium salt should be best to use?

m-chlorobenzoic acid $(p K_{a} = 3.98)$

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p-chlorocinnamic acid $(p K_{a} = 4.41)$

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2,5 - dihydroxy benzoic acid $(p K_{a} = 2.97)$

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Acetoacetic acid $(p K_{a} = 3.58)$

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Solution

The correct option is B
p-chlorocinnamic acid $(p K_{a} = 4.41)$

$p H = p K_{a} + l o g \frac{[S a l t]}{[A c i d]} W h e n [S a l t] = [A c i d] p H = p K_{a} p K_{a} = 4.41 S o, p - c h l o r o c i n n a m i c a c i d i s b e s t t o u s e .$

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