A population of beetles that infects the common garden pea, were sprayed with an insecticide. Most of the beetles were killed but a few survived. In the next generation, the same insecticide was sprayed again but the number of killed beetles was much less, a significant number of beetles survived even after spraying insecticides several times. On evolution point of view

The insecticide causes a mutation in the beetles

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The beetles learned how to fight the insecticides

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A few beetles that survived the first spray, transmitted the resistant genes to their offspring

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The effectiveness of the insecticide got degraded and was not enough to kill the beetles

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Solution

The correct option is C A few beetles that survived the first spray, transmitted the resistant genes to their offspring
Whenever a chemical like antibiotic, pesticides, insecticides etc., are designed, targeting a bacteria or any insects, after repetitive usage of the same chemicals on the same variety of the organism leads to the development of resistant population after some time.

After consecutive application of the insecticide, organisms start developing resistance to the chemical that causes the death of the organism. Small population gains the resistance gene, and that keeps on passing to the next generations, which makes the new grown individual resistant to the chemicals/insecticides used.

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